Merge pull request #555 from urfave/v2-merge

Merge origin/master into v2

.travis.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ go:
 - 1.4.2
 - 1.5.x
 - 1.6.x
+- 1.7.x
 - master
 
 env: pip_install="pip install --user"
@@ -23,6 +24,9 @@ matrix:
   - go: 1.6.x
     os: osx
     env: pip_install="sudo pip install"
+  - go: 1.7.x
+    os: osx
+    env: pip_install="sudo pip install"
 
 before_script:
 - $pip_install flake8

README.md

@@ -23,13 +23,14 @@ applications in an expressive way.
 - [Installation](#installation)
   * [Supported platforms](#supported-platforms)
   * [Using the `v2` branch](#using-the-v2-branch)
-  * [Pinning to the `v1` branch](#pinning-to-the-v1-branch)
+  * [Pinning to the `v1` releases](#pinning-to-the-v1-releases)
 - [Getting Started](#getting-started)
 - [Examples](#examples)
   * [Arguments](#arguments)
   * [Flags](#flags)
     + [Placeholder Values](#placeholder-values)
     + [Alternate Names](#alternate-names)
+    + [Ordering](#ordering)
     + [Values from the Environment](#values-from-the-environment)
     + [Values from alternate input sources (YAML, TOML, and others)](#values-from-alternate-input-sources-yaml-toml-and-others)
     + [Default Values for help output](#default-values-for-help-output)
@@ -108,11 +109,11 @@ import (
 **NOTE**: There is a [migrator (python) script](./cli-v1-to-v2) available to aid
 with the transition from the v1 to v2 API.
 
-### Pinning to the `v1` branch
+### Pinning to the `v1` releases
 
 Similarly to the section above describing use of the `v2` branch, if one wants
 to avoid any unexpected compatibility pains once `v2` becomes `master`, then
-pinning to the `v1` branch is an acceptable option, e.g.:
+pinning to `v1` is an acceptable option, e.g.:
 
 ```
 $ go get gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1
@@ -126,6 +127,8 @@ import (
 ...
 ```
 
+This will pull the latest tagged `v1` release (e.g. `v1.18.1` at the time of writing).
+
 ## Getting Started
 
 One of the philosophies behind cli is that an API should be playful and full of
@@ -454,6 +457,56 @@ That flag can then be set with `--lang spanish` or `-l spanish`. Note that
 giving two different forms of the same flag in the same command invocation is an
 error.
 
+#### Ordering
+
+Flags for the application and commands are shown in the order they are defined.
+However, it's possible to sort them from outside this library by using `FlagsByName`
+with `sort`.
+
+For example this:
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45;help"],
+  "output": "Load configuration from FILE\n.*Language for the greeting.*"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+  "sort"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := &cli.App{
+    Flags: []cli.Flag{
+      &cli.StringFlag{
+        Name:  "lang, l",
+        Value: "english",
+        Usage: "Language for the greeting",
+      },
+      &cli.StringFlag{
+        Name:  "config, c",
+        Usage: "Load configuration from `FILE`",
+      },
+    },
+  }
+
+  sort.Sort(cli.FlagsByName(app.Flags))
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+Will result in help output like:
+
+```
+--config FILE, -c FILE  Load configuration from FILE
+--lang value, -l value  Language for the greeting (default: "english")
+```
+
 #### Values from the Environment
 
 You can also have the default value set from the environment via `EnvVars`.  e.g.
@@ -1013,7 +1066,7 @@ is checked by the cli internals in order to print the `App.Version` via
 
 #### Customization
 
-The default flag may be cusomized to something other than `-v/--version` by
+The default flag may be customized to something other than `-v/--version` by
 setting `cli.VersionFlag`, e.g.:
 
 <!-- {

app.go

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ type App struct {
 	ArgsUsage string
 	// Version of the program
 	Version string
+	// Description of the program
+	Description string
 	// List of commands to execute
 	Commands []*Command
 	// List of flags to parse
@@ -191,7 +193,7 @@ func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
 			HandleExitCoder(err)
 			return err
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(a.Writer, "Incorrect Usage: %s\n\n", err)
+		fmt.Fprintf(a.Writer, "%s %s\n\n", "Incorrect Usage.", err.Error())
 		ShowAppHelp(context)
 		return err
 	}
@@ -248,6 +250,8 @@ func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
 // RunAsSubcommand invokes the subcommand given the context, parses ctx.Args() to
 // generate command-specific flags
 func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
+	a.Setup()
+
 	// append help to commands
 	if len(a.Commands) > 0 {
 		if a.Command(helpCommand.Name) == nil && !a.HideHelp {
@@ -301,7 +305,7 @@ func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 			HandleExitCoder(err)
 			return err
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(a.Writer, "Incorrect Usage: %s\n\n", err)
+		fmt.Fprintf(a.Writer, "%s %s\n\n", "Incorrect Usage.", err.Error())
 		ShowSubcommandHelp(context)
 		return err
 	}
@@ -441,8 +445,8 @@ type Author struct {
 func (a *Author) String() string {
 	e := ""
 	if a.Email != "" {
-		e = "<" + a.Email + "> "
+		e = " <" + a.Email + ">"
 	}
 
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%v %v", a.Name, e)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%v%v", a.Name, e)
 }

app_test.go

@@ -91,7 +91,63 @@ func ExampleApp_Run_subcommand() {
 	// Hello, Jeremy
 }
 
-func ExampleApp_Run_help() {
+func ExampleApp_Run_appHelp() {
+	// set args for examples sake
+	os.Args = []string{"greet", "help"}
+
+	app := &App{
+		Name:        "greet",
+		Version:     "0.1.0",
+		Description: "This is how we describe greet the app",
+		Authors: []*Author{
+			{Name: "Harrison", Email: "harrison@lolwut.com"},
+			{Name: "Oliver Allen", Email: "oliver@toyshop.com"},
+		},
+		Flags: []Flag{
+			&StringFlag{Name: "name", Value: "bob", Usage: "a name to say"},
+		},
+		Commands: []*Command{
+			{
+				Name:        "describeit",
+				Aliases:     []string{"d"},
+				Usage:       "use it to see a description",
+				Description: "This is how we describe describeit the function",
+				Action: func(c *Context) error {
+					fmt.Printf("i like to describe things")
+					return nil
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	app.Run(os.Args)
+	// Output:
+	// NAME:
+	//    greet - A new cli application
+	//
+	// USAGE:
+	//    greet [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]
+	//
+	// VERSION:
+	//    0.1.0
+	//
+	// DESCRIPTION:
+	//    This is how we describe greet the app
+	//
+	// AUTHORS:
+	//    Harrison <harrison@lolwut.com>
+	//    Oliver Allen <oliver@toyshop.com>
+	//
+	// COMMANDS:
+	//      describeit, d  use it to see a description
+	//      help, h        Shows a list of commands or help for one command
+	//
+	// GLOBAL OPTIONS:
+	//    --name value   a name to say (default: "bob")
+	//    --help, -h     show help (default: false)
+	//    --version, -v  print the version (default: false)
+}
+
+func ExampleApp_Run_commandHelp() {
 	// set args for examples sake
 	os.Args = []string{"greet", "h", "describeit"}
 
@@ -130,7 +186,7 @@ func ExampleApp_Run_shellComplete() {
 	os.Args = []string{"greet", "--generate-completion"}
 
 	app := &App{
-		Name:                 "greet",
+		Name: "greet",
 		EnableShellCompletion: true,
 		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
@@ -234,6 +290,24 @@ func TestApp_RunAsSubcommandParseFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	expect(t, context.String("lang"), "spanish")
 }
 
+func TestApp_RunAsSubCommandIncorrectUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	a := App{
+		Name: "cmd",
+		Flags: []Flag{
+			&StringFlag{Name: "--foo"},
+		},
+		Writer: bytes.NewBufferString(""),
+	}
+
+	set := flag.NewFlagSet("", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	set.Parse([]string{"", "---foo"})
+	c := &Context{flagSet: set}
+
+	err := a.RunAsSubcommand(c)
+
+	expect(t, err, errors.New("bad flag syntax: ---foo"))
+}
+
 func TestApp_CommandWithFlagBeforeTerminator(t *testing.T) {
 	var parsedOption string
 	var args Args

command.go

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func (c *Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 			HandleExitCoder(err)
 			return err
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(ctx.App.Writer, "Incorrect Usage: %s\n\n", err)
+		fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer, "Incorrect Usage:", err.Error())
 		fmt.Fprintln(ctx.App.Writer)
 		ShowCommandHelp(ctx, c.Name)
 		return err

command_test.go

@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@ func TestCommandFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 		skipFlagParsing bool
 		expectedErr     error
 	}{
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "-break", "blah", "blah"}, false, errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -break")}, // Test normal "not ignoring flags" flow
+		// Test normal "not ignoring flags" flow
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah", "blah"}, true, nil},                                                            // Test SkipFlagParsing without any args that look like flags
+		{[]string{"test-cmd", "-break", "blah", "blah"}, false, errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -break")},
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "-break", "blah"}, true, nil},                                                          // Test SkipFlagParsing with random flag arg
+
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "-help", "blah"}, true, nil},                                                           // Test SkipFlagParsing with "special" help flag arg
+		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah", "blah"}, true, nil},   // Test SkipFlagParsing without any args that look like flags
+		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah", "-break"}, true, nil}, // Test SkipFlagParsing with random flag arg
+		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah", "-help"}, true, nil},  // Test SkipFlagParsing with "special" help flag arg
 	}
 
 	for _, c := range cases {
@@ -29,15 +31,14 @@ func TestCommandFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 		context := NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
 		command := Command{
-			Name:        "test-cmd",
+			Name:            "test-cmd",
-			Aliases:     []string{"tc"},
+			Aliases:         []string{"tc"},
-			Usage:       "this is for testing",
+			Usage:           "this is for testing",
-			Description: "testing",
+			Description:     "testing",
-			Action:      func(_ *Context) error { return nil },
+			Action:          func(_ *Context) error { return nil },
+			SkipFlagParsing: c.skipFlagParsing,
 		}
 
-		command.SkipFlagParsing = c.skipFlagParsing
-
 		err := command.Run(context)
 
 		expect(t, err, c.expectedErr)

context.go

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"flag"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 )
 
@@ -42,8 +44,44 @@ func (c *Context) IsSet(name string) bool {
 				isSet = true
 			}
 		})
-		return isSet
+		if isSet {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// XXX hack to support IsSet for flags with EnvVar
+	//
+	// There isn't an easy way to do this with the current implementation since
+	// whether a flag was set via an environment variable is very difficult to
+	// determine here. Instead, we intend to introduce a backwards incompatible
+	// change in version 2 to add `IsSet` to the Flag interface to push the
+	// responsibility closer to where the information required to determine
+	// whether a flag is set by non-standard means such as environment
+	// variables is avaliable.
+	//
+	// See https://github.com/urfave/cli/issues/294 for additional discussion
+	f := lookupFlag(name, c)
+	if f == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(f)
+	if val.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		val = val.Elem()
+	}
+
+	envVarValues := val.FieldByName("EnvVars")
+	if !envVarValues.IsValid() {
+		return false
 	}
+
+	for _, envVar := range envVarValues.Interface().([]string) {
+		envVar = strings.TrimSpace(envVar)
+		if envVal := os.Getenv(envVar); envVal != "" {
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+
 	return false
 }
 
@@ -87,6 +125,34 @@ func (c *Context) NArg() int {
 	return c.Args().Len()
 }
 
+func lookupFlag(name string, ctx *Context) Flag {
+	for _, c := range ctx.Lineage() {
+		if c.Command == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, f := range c.Command.Flags {
+			for _, n := range f.Names() {
+				if n == name {
+					return f
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ctx.App != nil {
+		for _, f := range ctx.App.Flags {
+			for _, n := range f.Names() {
+				if n == name {
+					return f
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func lookupFlagSet(name string, ctx *Context) *flag.FlagSet {
 	for _, c := range ctx.Lineage() {
 		if f := c.flagSet.Lookup(name); f != nil {

flag.go

@@ -58,6 +58,26 @@ type Serializeder interface {
 	Serialized() string
 }
 
+// FlagsByName is a slice of Flag.
+type FlagsByName []Flag
+
+func (f FlagsByName) Len() int {
+	return len(f)
+}
+
+func (f FlagsByName) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	if len(f[j].Names()) == 0 {
+		return false
+	} else if len(f[i].Names()) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	return f[i].Names()[0] < f[j].Names()[0]
+}
+
+func (f FlagsByName) Swap(i, j int) {
+	f[i], f[j] = f[j], f[i]
+}
+
 // Flag is a common interface related to parsing flags in cli.
 // For more advanced flag parsing techniques, it is recommended that
 // this interface be implemented.

help.go

@@ -16,24 +16,28 @@ var AppHelpTemplate = `NAME:
    {{.Name}} - {{.Usage}}
 
 USAGE:
-   {{if .UsageText}}{{.UsageText}}{{else}}{{.HelpName}} {{if .VisibleFlags}}[global options]{{end}}{{if .Commands}} command [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}{{end}}
+   {{if .UsageText}}{{.UsageText}}{{else}}{{.HelpName}} {{if .VisibleFlags}}[global options]{{end}}{{if .Commands}} command [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}{{end}}{{if .Version}}{{if not .HideVersion}}
-   {{if .Version}}{{if not .HideVersion}}
+
 VERSION:
-   {{.Version}}
+   {{.Version}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .Description}}
-   {{end}}{{end}}{{if len .Authors}}
+
-AUTHOR(S):
+DESCRIPTION:
-   {{range .Authors}}{{.}}{{end}}
+   {{.Description}}{{end}}{{if len .Authors}}
-   {{end}}{{if .VisibleCommands}}
+
+AUTHOR{{with $length := len .Authors}}{{if ne 1 $length}}S{{end}}{{end}}:
+   {{range $index, $author := .Authors}}{{if $index}}
+   {{end}}{{$author}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleCommands}}
+
 COMMANDS:{{range .VisibleCategories}}{{if .Name}}
    {{.Name}}:{{end}}{{range .VisibleCommands}}
-     {{join .Names ", "}}{{"\t"}}{{.Usage}}{{end}}
+     {{join .Names ", "}}{{"\t"}}{{.Usage}}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleFlags}}
-{{end}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleFlags}}
+
 GLOBAL OPTIONS:
-   {{range .VisibleFlags}}{{.}}
+   {{range $index, $option := .VisibleFlags}}{{if $index}}
-   {{end}}{{end}}{{if .Copyright}}
+   {{end}}{{$option}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .Copyright}}
+
 COPYRIGHT:
-   {{.Copyright}}
+   {{.Copyright}}{{end}}
-   {{end}}
 `
 
 // CommandHelpTemplate is the text template for the command help topic.
@@ -205,17 +209,6 @@ func printHelp(out io.Writer, templ string, data interface{}) {
 
 	errDebug := os.Getenv("CLI_TEMPLATE_ERROR_DEBUG") != ""
 
-	defer func() {
-		if r := recover(); r != nil {
-			if errDebug {
-				fmt.Fprintf(ErrWriter, "CLI TEMPLATE PANIC: %#v\n", r)
-			}
-			if os.Getenv("CLI_TEMPLATE_REPANIC") != "" {
-				panic(r)
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
 	err := t.Execute(w, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errDebug {