Merge branch 'master' into close-file

.travis.yml

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ os:
   - osx
 
 env:
-  GO111MODULE=on
+  GO111MODULE=on GOPROXY=https://proxy.golang.org
-  GOPROXY=https://proxy.golang.org
 
 cache:
   directories:
@@ -30,6 +29,8 @@ script:
   - go run build.go test
   - go run build.go gfmrun docs/v1/manual.md
   - go run build.go toc docs/v1/manual.md
+  - go run build.go gfmrun docs/v2/manual.md
+  - go run build.go toc docs/v2/manual.md
 
 after_success:
   - bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)

altsrc/flag.go

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package altsrc
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 // FlagInputSourceExtension is an extension interface of cli.Flag that
@@ -65,15 +65,15 @@ func InitInputSourceWithContext(flags []cli.Flag, createInputSource func(context
 // ApplyInputSourceValue applies a generic value to the flagSet if required
 func (f *GenericFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceContext) error {
 	if f.set != nil {
-		if !context.IsSet(f.Name) && !isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVar) {
+		if !context.IsSet(f.Name) && !isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVars) {
 			value, err := isc.Generic(f.GenericFlag.Name)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			if value != nil {
-				eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+				for _, name := range f.Names() {
-					_ = f.set.Set(f.Name, value.String())
+					_ = f.set.Set(name, value.String())
-				})
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -84,19 +84,19 @@ func (f *GenericFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourc
 // ApplyInputSourceValue applies a StringSlice value to the flagSet if required
 func (f *StringSliceFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceContext) error {
 	if f.set != nil {
-		if !context.IsSet(f.Name) && !isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVar) {
+		if !context.IsSet(f.Name) && !isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVars) {
 			value, err := isc.StringSlice(f.StringSliceFlag.Name)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			if value != nil {
-				var sliceValue cli.StringSlice = value
+				var sliceValue cli.StringSlice = *(cli.NewStringSlice(value...))
-				eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+				for _, name := range f.Names() {
-					underlyingFlag := f.set.Lookup(f.Name)
+					underlyingFlag := f.set.Lookup(name)
 					if underlyingFlag != nil {
 						underlyingFlag.Value = &sliceValue
 					}
-				})
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -106,19 +106,19 @@ func (f *StringSliceFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputS
 // ApplyInputSourceValue applies a IntSlice value if required
 func (f *IntSliceFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceContext) error {
 	if f.set != nil {
-		if !context.IsSet(f.Name) && !isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVar) {
+		if !context.IsSet(f.Name) && !isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVars) {
 			value, err := isc.IntSlice(f.IntSliceFlag.Name)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			if value != nil {
-				var sliceValue cli.IntSlice = value
+				var sliceValue cli.IntSlice = *(cli.NewIntSlice(value...))
-				eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+				for _, name := range f.Names() {
-					underlyingFlag := f.set.Lookup(f.Name)
+					underlyingFlag := f.set.Lookup(name)
 					if underlyingFlag != nil {
 						underlyingFlag.Value = &sliceValue
 					}
-				})
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -128,35 +128,17 @@ func (f *IntSliceFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSour
 // ApplyInputSourceValue applies a Bool value to the flagSet if required
 func (f *BoolFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceContext) error {
 	if f.set != nil {
-		if !context.IsSet(f.Name) && !isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVar) {
+		if !context.IsSet(f.Name) && !isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVars) {
 			value, err := isc.Bool(f.BoolFlag.Name)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			if value {
-				eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+				for _, name := range f.Names() {
-					_ = f.set.Set(f.Name, strconv.FormatBool(value))
+					_ = f.set.Set(name, strconv.FormatBool(value))
-				})
 				}
 			}
 		}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// ApplyInputSourceValue applies a BoolT value to the flagSet if required
-func (f *BoolTFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceContext) error {
-	if f.set != nil {
-		if !context.IsSet(f.Name) && !isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVar) {
-			value, err := isc.BoolT(f.BoolTFlag.Name)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if !value {
-				eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
-					_ = f.set.Set(f.Name, strconv.FormatBool(value))
-				})
-			}
-		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -164,15 +146,43 @@ func (f *BoolTFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceC
 // ApplyInputSourceValue applies a String value to the flagSet if required
 func (f *StringFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceContext) error {
 	if f.set != nil {
-		if !(context.IsSet(f.Name) || isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVar)) {
+		if !(context.IsSet(f.Name) || isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVars)) {
 			value, err := isc.String(f.StringFlag.Name)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			if value != "" {
-				eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+				for _, name := range f.Names() {
-					_ = f.set.Set(f.Name, value)
+					_ = f.set.Set(name, value)
-				})
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ApplyInputSourceValue applies a Path value to the flagSet if required
+func (f *PathFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceContext) error {
+	if f.set != nil {
+		if !(context.IsSet(f.Name) || isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVars)) {
+			value, err := isc.String(f.PathFlag.Name)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if value != "" {
+				for _, name := range f.Names() {
+
+					if !filepath.IsAbs(value) && isc.Source() != "" {
+						basePathAbs, err := filepath.Abs(isc.Source())
+						if err != nil {
+							return err
+						}
+
+						value = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(basePathAbs), value)
+					}
+
+					_ = f.set.Set(name, value)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -182,15 +192,15 @@ func (f *StringFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSource
 // ApplyInputSourceValue applies a int value to the flagSet if required
 func (f *IntFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceContext) error {
 	if f.set != nil {
-		if !(context.IsSet(f.Name) || isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVar)) {
+		if !(context.IsSet(f.Name) || isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVars)) {
 			value, err := isc.Int(f.IntFlag.Name)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			if value > 0 {
-				eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+				for _, name := range f.Names() {
-					_ = f.set.Set(f.Name, strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10))
+					_ = f.set.Set(name, strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10))
-				})
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -200,15 +210,15 @@ func (f *IntFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceCon
 // ApplyInputSourceValue applies a Duration value to the flagSet if required
 func (f *DurationFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceContext) error {
 	if f.set != nil {
-		if !(context.IsSet(f.Name) || isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVar)) {
+		if !(context.IsSet(f.Name) || isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVars)) {
 			value, err := isc.Duration(f.DurationFlag.Name)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			if value > 0 {
-				eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+				for _, name := range f.Names() {
-					_ = f.set.Set(f.Name, value.String())
+					_ = f.set.Set(name, value.String())
-				})
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -218,25 +228,24 @@ func (f *DurationFlag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSour
 // ApplyInputSourceValue applies a Float64 value to the flagSet if required
 func (f *Float64Flag) ApplyInputSourceValue(context *cli.Context, isc InputSourceContext) error {
 	if f.set != nil {
-		if !(context.IsSet(f.Name) || isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVar)) {
+		if !(context.IsSet(f.Name) || isEnvVarSet(f.EnvVars)) {
 			value, err := isc.Float64(f.Float64Flag.Name)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			if value > 0 {
 				floatStr := float64ToString(value)
-				eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+				for _, name := range f.Names() {
-					_ = f.set.Set(f.Name, floatStr)
+					_ = f.set.Set(name, floatStr)
-				})
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func isEnvVarSet(envVars string) bool {
+func isEnvVarSet(envVars []string) bool {
-	for _, envVar := range strings.Split(envVars, ",") {
+	for _, envVar := range envVars {
-		envVar = strings.TrimSpace(envVar)
 		if _, ok := syscall.Getenv(envVar); ok {
 			// TODO: Can't use this for bools as
 			// set means that it was true or false based on
@@ -251,11 +260,3 @@ func isEnvVarSet(envVars string) bool {
 func float64ToString(f float64) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", f)
 }
-
-func eachName(longName string, fn func(string)) {
-	parts := strings.Split(longName, ",")
-	for _, name := range parts {
-		name = strings.Trim(name, " ")
-		fn(name)
-	}
-}

altsrc/flag_generated.go

@@ -4,343 +4,271 @@ package altsrc
 
 import (
 	"flag"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 // BoolFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.BoolFlag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type BoolFlag struct {
-	cli.BoolFlag
+	*cli.BoolFlag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewBoolFlag creates a new BoolFlag
-func NewBoolFlag(fl cli.BoolFlag) *BoolFlag {
+func NewBoolFlag(fl *cli.BoolFlag) *BoolFlag {
-	return &BoolFlag{ BoolFlag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &BoolFlag{BoolFlag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped BoolFlag.Apply
-func (f *BoolFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *BoolFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.BoolFlag.Apply(set)
+	return f.BoolFlag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped BoolFlag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *BoolFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.BoolFlag.ApplyWithError(set)
-}
-
-// BoolTFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.BoolTFlag to allow
-// for other values to be specified
-type BoolTFlag struct {
-	cli.BoolTFlag
-	set *flag.FlagSet
-}
-
-// NewBoolTFlag creates a new BoolTFlag
-func NewBoolTFlag(fl cli.BoolTFlag) *BoolTFlag {
-	return &BoolTFlag{ BoolTFlag: fl, set: nil }
-}
-
-// Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped BoolTFlag.Apply
-func (f *BoolTFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
-	f.set = set
-	f.BoolTFlag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped BoolTFlag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *BoolTFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.BoolTFlag.ApplyWithError(set)
 }
 
 // DurationFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.DurationFlag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type DurationFlag struct {
-	cli.DurationFlag
+	*cli.DurationFlag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewDurationFlag creates a new DurationFlag
-func NewDurationFlag(fl cli.DurationFlag) *DurationFlag {
+func NewDurationFlag(fl *cli.DurationFlag) *DurationFlag {
-	return &DurationFlag{ DurationFlag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &DurationFlag{DurationFlag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped DurationFlag.Apply
-func (f *DurationFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *DurationFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.DurationFlag.Apply(set)
+	return f.DurationFlag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped DurationFlag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *DurationFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.DurationFlag.ApplyWithError(set)
 }
 
 // Float64Flag is the flag type that wraps cli.Float64Flag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type Float64Flag struct {
-	cli.Float64Flag
+	*cli.Float64Flag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewFloat64Flag creates a new Float64Flag
-func NewFloat64Flag(fl cli.Float64Flag) *Float64Flag {
+func NewFloat64Flag(fl *cli.Float64Flag) *Float64Flag {
-	return &Float64Flag{ Float64Flag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &Float64Flag{Float64Flag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped Float64Flag.Apply
-func (f *Float64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *Float64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.Float64Flag.Apply(set)
+	return f.Float64Flag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped Float64Flag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *Float64Flag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.Float64Flag.ApplyWithError(set)
 }
 
 // GenericFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.GenericFlag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type GenericFlag struct {
-	cli.GenericFlag
+	*cli.GenericFlag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewGenericFlag creates a new GenericFlag
-func NewGenericFlag(fl cli.GenericFlag) *GenericFlag {
+func NewGenericFlag(fl *cli.GenericFlag) *GenericFlag {
-	return &GenericFlag{ GenericFlag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &GenericFlag{GenericFlag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped GenericFlag.Apply
-func (f *GenericFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *GenericFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.GenericFlag.Apply(set)
+	return f.GenericFlag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped GenericFlag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *GenericFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.GenericFlag.ApplyWithError(set)
 }
 
 // Int64Flag is the flag type that wraps cli.Int64Flag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type Int64Flag struct {
-	cli.Int64Flag
+	*cli.Int64Flag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewInt64Flag creates a new Int64Flag
-func NewInt64Flag(fl cli.Int64Flag) *Int64Flag {
+func NewInt64Flag(fl *cli.Int64Flag) *Int64Flag {
-	return &Int64Flag{ Int64Flag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &Int64Flag{Int64Flag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped Int64Flag.Apply
-func (f *Int64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *Int64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.Int64Flag.Apply(set)
+	return f.Int64Flag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped Int64Flag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *Int64Flag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.Int64Flag.ApplyWithError(set)
 }
 
 // IntFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.IntFlag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type IntFlag struct {
-	cli.IntFlag
+	*cli.IntFlag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewIntFlag creates a new IntFlag
-func NewIntFlag(fl cli.IntFlag) *IntFlag {
+func NewIntFlag(fl *cli.IntFlag) *IntFlag {
-	return &IntFlag{ IntFlag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &IntFlag{IntFlag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped IntFlag.Apply
-func (f *IntFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *IntFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.IntFlag.Apply(set)
+	return f.IntFlag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped IntFlag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *IntFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.IntFlag.ApplyWithError(set)
 }
 
 // IntSliceFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.IntSliceFlag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type IntSliceFlag struct {
-	cli.IntSliceFlag
+	*cli.IntSliceFlag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewIntSliceFlag creates a new IntSliceFlag
-func NewIntSliceFlag(fl cli.IntSliceFlag) *IntSliceFlag {
+func NewIntSliceFlag(fl *cli.IntSliceFlag) *IntSliceFlag {
-	return &IntSliceFlag{ IntSliceFlag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &IntSliceFlag{IntSliceFlag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped IntSliceFlag.Apply
-func (f *IntSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *IntSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.IntSliceFlag.Apply(set)
+	return f.IntSliceFlag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped IntSliceFlag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *IntSliceFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.IntSliceFlag.ApplyWithError(set)
 }
 
 // Int64SliceFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.Int64SliceFlag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type Int64SliceFlag struct {
-	cli.Int64SliceFlag
+	*cli.Int64SliceFlag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewInt64SliceFlag creates a new Int64SliceFlag
-func NewInt64SliceFlag(fl cli.Int64SliceFlag) *Int64SliceFlag {
+func NewInt64SliceFlag(fl *cli.Int64SliceFlag) *Int64SliceFlag {
-	return &Int64SliceFlag{ Int64SliceFlag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &Int64SliceFlag{Int64SliceFlag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped Int64SliceFlag.Apply
-func (f *Int64SliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *Int64SliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.Int64SliceFlag.Apply(set)
+	return f.Int64SliceFlag.Apply(set)
 }
 
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
+// Float64SliceFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.Float64SliceFlag to allow
-// the wrapped Int64SliceFlag.ApplyWithError
+// for other values to be specified
-func (f *Int64SliceFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+type Float64SliceFlag struct {
+	*cli.Float64SliceFlag
+	set *flag.FlagSet
+}
+
+// NewFloat64SliceFlag creates a new Float64SliceFlag
+func NewFloat64SliceFlag(fl *cli.Float64SliceFlag) *Float64SliceFlag {
+	return &Float64SliceFlag{Float64SliceFlag: fl, set: nil}
+}
+
+// Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls the
+// wrapped Float64SliceFlag.Apply
+func (f *Float64SliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	return f.Int64SliceFlag.ApplyWithError(set)
+	return f.Float64SliceFlag.Apply(set)
 }
 
 // StringFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.StringFlag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type StringFlag struct {
-	cli.StringFlag
+	*cli.StringFlag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewStringFlag creates a new StringFlag
-func NewStringFlag(fl cli.StringFlag) *StringFlag {
+func NewStringFlag(fl *cli.StringFlag) *StringFlag {
-	return &StringFlag{ StringFlag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &StringFlag{StringFlag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped StringFlag.Apply
-func (f *StringFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *StringFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.StringFlag.Apply(set)
+	return f.StringFlag.Apply(set)
 }
 
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
+// PathFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.PathFlag to allow
-// the wrapped StringFlag.ApplyWithError
+// for other values to be specified
-func (f *StringFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+type PathFlag struct {
+	*cli.PathFlag
+	set *flag.FlagSet
+}
+
+// NewPathFlag creates a new PathFlag
+func NewPathFlag(fl *cli.PathFlag) *PathFlag {
+	return &PathFlag{PathFlag: fl, set: nil}
+}
+
+// Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls the
+// wrapped PathFlag.Apply
+func (f *PathFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	return f.StringFlag.ApplyWithError(set)
+	return f.PathFlag.Apply(set)
 }
 
 // StringSliceFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.StringSliceFlag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type StringSliceFlag struct {
-	cli.StringSliceFlag
+	*cli.StringSliceFlag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewStringSliceFlag creates a new StringSliceFlag
-func NewStringSliceFlag(fl cli.StringSliceFlag) *StringSliceFlag {
+func NewStringSliceFlag(fl *cli.StringSliceFlag) *StringSliceFlag {
-	return &StringSliceFlag{ StringSliceFlag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &StringSliceFlag{StringSliceFlag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped StringSliceFlag.Apply
-func (f *StringSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *StringSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.StringSliceFlag.Apply(set)
+	return f.StringSliceFlag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped StringSliceFlag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *StringSliceFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.StringSliceFlag.ApplyWithError(set)
 }
 
 // Uint64Flag is the flag type that wraps cli.Uint64Flag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type Uint64Flag struct {
-	cli.Uint64Flag
+	*cli.Uint64Flag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewUint64Flag creates a new Uint64Flag
-func NewUint64Flag(fl cli.Uint64Flag) *Uint64Flag {
+func NewUint64Flag(fl *cli.Uint64Flag) *Uint64Flag {
-	return &Uint64Flag{ Uint64Flag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &Uint64Flag{Uint64Flag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped Uint64Flag.Apply
-func (f *Uint64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *Uint64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.Uint64Flag.Apply(set)
+	return f.Uint64Flag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped Uint64Flag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *Uint64Flag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.Uint64Flag.ApplyWithError(set)
 }
 
 // UintFlag is the flag type that wraps cli.UintFlag to allow
 // for other values to be specified
 type UintFlag struct {
-	cli.UintFlag
+	*cli.UintFlag
 	set *flag.FlagSet
 }
 
 // NewUintFlag creates a new UintFlag
-func NewUintFlag(fl cli.UintFlag) *UintFlag {
+func NewUintFlag(fl *cli.UintFlag) *UintFlag {
-	return &UintFlag{ UintFlag: fl, set: nil }
+	return &UintFlag{UintFlag: fl, set: nil}
 }
 
 // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
 // the wrapped UintFlag.Apply
-func (f *UintFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+func (f *UintFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	f.set = set
-	f.UintFlag.Apply(set)
+	return f.UintFlag.Apply(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls
-// the wrapped UintFlag.ApplyWithError
-func (f *UintFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	f.set = set
-	return f.UintFlag.ApplyWithError(set)
 }

altsrc/flag_test.go

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ package altsrc
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"os"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
-
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 type testApplyInputSource struct {
@@ -20,13 +20,14 @@ type testApplyInputSource struct {
 	ContextValue       flag.Value
 	EnvVarValue        string
 	EnvVarName         string
+	SourcePath         string
 	MapValue           interface{}
 }
 
 func TestGenericApplyInputSourceValue(t *testing.T) {
 	v := &Parser{"abc", "def"}
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:     NewGenericFlag(cli.GenericFlag{Name: "test", Value: &Parser{}}),
+		Flag:     NewGenericFlag(&cli.GenericFlag{Name: "test", Value: &Parser{}}),
 		FlagName: "test",
 		MapValue: v,
 	})
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ func TestGenericApplyInputSourceValue(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGenericApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 	p := &Parser{"abc", "def"}
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:               NewGenericFlag(cli.GenericFlag{Name: "test", Value: &Parser{}}),
+		Flag:               NewGenericFlag(&cli.GenericFlag{Name: "test", Value: &Parser{}}),
 		FlagName:           "test",
 		MapValue:           &Parser{"efg", "hig"},
 		ContextValueString: p.String(),
@@ -46,7 +47,11 @@ func TestGenericApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGenericApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:        NewGenericFlag(cli.GenericFlag{Name: "test", Value: &Parser{}, EnvVar: "TEST"}),
+		Flag: NewGenericFlag(&cli.GenericFlag{
+			Name:    "test",
+			Value:   &Parser{},
+			EnvVars: []string{"TEST"},
+		}),
 		FlagName:    "test",
 		MapValue:    &Parser{"efg", "hij"},
 		EnvVarName:  "TEST",
@@ -57,7 +62,7 @@ func TestGenericApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestStringSliceApplyInputSourceValue(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:     NewStringSliceFlag(cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:     NewStringSliceFlag(&cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName: "test",
 		MapValue: []interface{}{"hello", "world"},
 	})
@@ -66,7 +71,7 @@ func TestStringSliceApplyInputSourceValue(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestStringSliceApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:               NewStringSliceFlag(cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:               NewStringSliceFlag(&cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName:           "test",
 		MapValue:           []interface{}{"hello", "world"},
 		ContextValueString: "ohno",
@@ -76,7 +81,7 @@ func TestStringSliceApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestStringSliceApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:        NewStringSliceFlag(cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "TEST"}),
+		Flag:        NewStringSliceFlag(&cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"TEST"}}),
 		FlagName:    "test",
 		MapValue:    []interface{}{"hello", "world"},
 		EnvVarName:  "TEST",
@@ -87,7 +92,7 @@ func TestStringSliceApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIntSliceApplyInputSourceValue(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:     NewIntSliceFlag(cli.IntSliceFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:     NewIntSliceFlag(&cli.IntSliceFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName: "test",
 		MapValue: []interface{}{1, 2},
 	})
@@ -96,7 +101,7 @@ func TestIntSliceApplyInputSourceValue(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIntSliceApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:               NewIntSliceFlag(cli.IntSliceFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:               NewIntSliceFlag(&cli.IntSliceFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName:           "test",
 		MapValue:           []interface{}{1, 2},
 		ContextValueString: "3",
@@ -106,7 +111,7 @@ func TestIntSliceApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIntSliceApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:        NewIntSliceFlag(cli.IntSliceFlag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "TEST"}),
+		Flag:        NewIntSliceFlag(&cli.IntSliceFlag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"TEST"}}),
 		FlagName:    "test",
 		MapValue:    []interface{}{1, 2},
 		EnvVarName:  "TEST",
@@ -117,7 +122,7 @@ func TestIntSliceApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestBoolApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:     NewBoolFlag(cli.BoolFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:     NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName: "test",
 		MapValue: true,
 	})
@@ -126,7 +131,7 @@ func TestBoolApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestBoolApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:               NewBoolFlag(cli.BoolFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:               NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName:           "test",
 		MapValue:           false,
 		ContextValueString: "true",
@@ -136,7 +141,7 @@ func TestBoolApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestBoolApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:        NewBoolFlag(cli.BoolFlag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "TEST"}),
+		Flag:        NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"TEST"}}),
 		FlagName:    "test",
 		MapValue:    false,
 		EnvVarName:  "TEST",
@@ -145,39 +150,9 @@ func TestBoolApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 	expect(t, true, c.Bool("test"))
 }
 
-func TestBoolTApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
-	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:     NewBoolTFlag(cli.BoolTFlag{Name: "test"}),
-		FlagName: "test",
-		MapValue: false,
-	})
-	expect(t, false, c.BoolT("test"))
-}
-
-func TestBoolTApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
-	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:               NewBoolTFlag(cli.BoolTFlag{Name: "test"}),
-		FlagName:           "test",
-		MapValue:           true,
-		ContextValueString: "false",
-	})
-	expect(t, false, c.BoolT("test"))
-}
-
-func TestBoolTApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
-	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:        NewBoolTFlag(cli.BoolTFlag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "TEST"}),
-		FlagName:    "test",
-		MapValue:    true,
-		EnvVarName:  "TEST",
-		EnvVarValue: "false",
-	})
-	expect(t, false, c.BoolT("test"))
-}
-
 func TestStringApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:     NewStringFlag(cli.StringFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:     NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName: "test",
 		MapValue: "hello",
 	})
@@ -186,7 +161,7 @@ func TestStringApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestStringApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:               NewStringFlag(cli.StringFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:               NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName:           "test",
 		MapValue:           "hello",
 		ContextValueString: "goodbye",
@@ -196,7 +171,7 @@ func TestStringApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestStringApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:        NewStringFlag(cli.StringFlag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "TEST"}),
+		Flag:        NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"TEST"}}),
 		FlagName:    "test",
 		MapValue:    "hello",
 		EnvVarName:  "TEST",
@@ -204,10 +179,47 @@ func TestStringApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	expect(t, "goodbye", c.String("test"))
 }
+func TestPathApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
+	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
+		Flag:       NewPathFlag(&cli.PathFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		FlagName:   "test",
+		MapValue:   "hello",
+		SourcePath: "/path/to/source/file",
+	})
+
+	expected := "/path/to/source/hello"
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		expected = `C:\path\to\source\hello`
+	}
+	expect(t, expected, c.String("test"))
+}
+
+func TestPathApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
+	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
+		Flag:               NewPathFlag(&cli.PathFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		FlagName:           "test",
+		MapValue:           "hello",
+		ContextValueString: "goodbye",
+		SourcePath:         "/path/to/source/file",
+	})
+	expect(t, "goodbye", c.String("test"))
+}
+
+func TestPathApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
+	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
+		Flag:        NewPathFlag(&cli.PathFlag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"TEST"}}),
+		FlagName:    "test",
+		MapValue:    "hello",
+		EnvVarName:  "TEST",
+		EnvVarValue: "goodbye",
+		SourcePath:  "/path/to/source/file",
+	})
+	expect(t, "goodbye", c.String("test"))
+}
 
 func TestIntApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:     NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:     NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName: "test",
 		MapValue: 15,
 	})
@@ -216,7 +228,7 @@ func TestIntApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIntApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:               NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:               NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName:           "test",
 		MapValue:           15,
 		ContextValueString: "7",
@@ -226,7 +238,7 @@ func TestIntApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIntApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:        NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "TEST"}),
+		Flag:        NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"TEST"}}),
 		FlagName:    "test",
 		MapValue:    15,
 		EnvVarName:  "TEST",
@@ -237,7 +249,7 @@ func TestIntApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDurationApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:     NewDurationFlag(cli.DurationFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:     NewDurationFlag(&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName: "test",
 		MapValue: 30 * time.Second,
 	})
@@ -246,7 +258,7 @@ func TestDurationApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDurationApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:               NewDurationFlag(cli.DurationFlag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:               NewDurationFlag(&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName:           "test",
 		MapValue:           30 * time.Second,
 		ContextValueString: (15 * time.Second).String(),
@@ -256,7 +268,7 @@ func TestDurationApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDurationApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:        NewDurationFlag(cli.DurationFlag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "TEST"}),
+		Flag:        NewDurationFlag(&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"TEST"}}),
 		FlagName:    "test",
 		MapValue:    30 * time.Second,
 		EnvVarName:  "TEST",
@@ -267,7 +279,7 @@ func TestDurationApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestFloat64ApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:     NewFloat64Flag(cli.Float64Flag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:     NewFloat64Flag(&cli.Float64Flag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName: "test",
 		MapValue: 1.3,
 	})
@@ -276,7 +288,7 @@ func TestFloat64ApplyInputSourceMethodSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestFloat64ApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:               NewFloat64Flag(cli.Float64Flag{Name: "test"}),
+		Flag:               NewFloat64Flag(&cli.Float64Flag{Name: "test"}),
 		FlagName:           "test",
 		MapValue:           1.3,
 		ContextValueString: fmt.Sprintf("%v", 1.4),
@@ -286,7 +298,7 @@ func TestFloat64ApplyInputSourceMethodContextSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestFloat64ApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 	c := runTest(t, testApplyInputSource{
-		Flag:        NewFloat64Flag(cli.Float64Flag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "TEST"}),
+		Flag:        NewFloat64Flag(&cli.Float64Flag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"TEST"}}),
 		FlagName:    "test",
 		MapValue:    1.3,
 		EnvVarName:  "TEST",
@@ -296,7 +308,10 @@ func TestFloat64ApplyInputSourceMethodEnvVarSet(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func runTest(t *testing.T, test testApplyInputSource) *cli.Context {
-	inputSource := &MapInputSource{valueMap: map[interface{}]interface{}{test.FlagName: test.MapValue}}
+	inputSource := &MapInputSource{
+		file:     test.SourcePath,
+		valueMap: map[interface{}]interface{}{test.FlagName: test.MapValue},
+	}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet(test.FlagSetName, flag.ContinueOnError)
 	c := cli.NewContext(nil, set, nil)
 	if test.EnvVarName != "" && test.EnvVarValue != "" {
@@ -304,7 +319,7 @@ func runTest(t *testing.T, test testApplyInputSource) *cli.Context {
 		defer os.Setenv(test.EnvVarName, "")
 	}
 
-	test.Flag.Apply(set)
+	_ = test.Flag.Apply(set)
 	if test.ContextValue != nil {
 		f := set.Lookup(test.FlagName)
 		f.Value = test.ContextValue

altsrc/helpers_test.go

@@ -1,13 +1,23 @@
 package altsrc
 
 import (
+	"os"
 	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
+var (
+	wd, _ = os.Getwd()
+)
+
 func expect(t *testing.T, a interface{}, b interface{}) {
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(b, a) {
+	_, fn, line, _ := runtime.Caller(1)
-		t.Errorf("Expected %#v (type %v) - Got %#v (type %v)", b, reflect.TypeOf(b), a, reflect.TypeOf(a))
+	fn = strings.Replace(fn, wd+"/", "", -1)
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(a, b) {
+		t.Errorf("(%s:%d) Expected %v (type %v) - Got %v (type %v)", fn, line, b, reflect.TypeOf(b), a, reflect.TypeOf(a))
 	}
 }
 

altsrc/input_source_context.go

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 package altsrc
 
 import (
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"time"
-
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 // InputSourceContext is an interface used to allow
 // other input sources to be implemented as needed.
+//
+// Source returns an identifier for the input source. In case of file source
+// it should return path to the file.
 type InputSourceContext interface {
+	Source() string
+
 	Int(name string) (int, error)
 	Duration(name string) (time.Duration, error)
 	Float64(name string) (float64, error)
@@ -17,5 +21,4 @@ type InputSourceContext interface {
 	IntSlice(name string) ([]int, error)
 	Generic(name string) (cli.Generic, error)
 	Bool(name string) (bool, error)
-	BoolT(name string) (bool, error)
 }

altsrc/json_command_test.go

@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@ package altsrc
 
 import (
 	"flag"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTest(t *testing.T) {
 	cleanup := writeTempFile(t, fileName, simpleJSON)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", fileName}
 	_ = set.Parse(test)
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTest(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
 			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewJSONSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestGlobalEnvVarWins(t *testing.T) {
 	cleanup := writeTempFile(t, fileName, simpleJSON)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "10")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestGlobalEnvVarWins(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
 			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewJSONSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestGlobalEnvVarWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 	cleanup := writeTempFile(t, fileName, nestedJSON)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "10")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestGlobalEnvVarWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
 			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewJSONSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestSpecifiedFlagWins(t *testing.T) {
 	cleanup := writeTempFile(t, fileName, simpleJSON)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", fileName, "--test", "7"}
 	_ = set.Parse(test)
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestSpecifiedFlagWins(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
 			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewJSONSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestSpecifiedFlagWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 	cleanup := writeTempFile(t, fileName, nestedJSON)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", fileName, "--top.test", "7"}
 	_ = set.Parse(test)
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestSpecifiedFlagWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test"}),
 			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewJSONSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestDefaultValueFileWins(t *testing.T) {
 	cleanup := writeTempFile(t, fileName, simpleJSON)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", fileName}
 	_ = set.Parse(test)
@@ -202,7 +201,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestDefaultValueFileWins(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7}),
 			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewJSONSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestDefaultValueFileWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 	cleanup := writeTempFile(t, fileName, nestedJSON)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", fileName}
 	_ = set.Parse(test)
@@ -234,7 +233,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileTestDefaultValueFileWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7}),
 			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewJSONSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
@@ -248,7 +247,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvJSONSetGlobalEnvWins(t *testing.T
 	cleanup := writeTempFile(t, fileName, simpleJSON)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "11")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvJSONSetGlobalEnvWins(t *testing.T
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7, EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7, EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
 			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewJSONSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
@@ -282,7 +281,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvJSONSetGlobalEnvWinsNested(t *tes
 	cleanup := writeTempFile(t, fileName, nestedJSON)
 	defer cleanup()
 
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "11")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
@@ -303,7 +302,7 @@ func TestCommandJSONFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvJSONSetGlobalEnvWinsNested(t *tes
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7, EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7, EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
 			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewJSONSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))

altsrc/json_source_context.go

@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ package altsrc
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
-
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 // NewJSONSourceFromFlagFunc returns a func that takes a cli.Context
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@ func NewJSONSourceFromFile(f string) (InputSourceContext, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	return NewJSONSource(data)
 }
 
@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ func NewJSONSource(data []byte) (InputSourceContext, error) {
 	return &jsonSource{deserialized: deserialized}, nil
 }
 
+func (x *jsonSource) Source() string {
+	return x.file
+}
+
 func (x *jsonSource) Int(name string) (int, error) {
 	i, err := x.getValue(name)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -62,10 +66,10 @@ func (x *jsonSource) Int(name string) (int, error) {
 		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected type %T for %q", i, name)
 	case int:
 		return v, nil
-	case float64:
-		return int(float64(v)), nil
 	case float32:
-		return int(float32(v)), nil
+		return int(v), nil
+	case float64:
+		return int(v), nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -175,12 +179,6 @@ func (x *jsonSource) Bool(name string) (bool, error) {
 	return v, nil
 }
 
-// since this source appears to require all configuration to be specified, the
-// concept of a boolean defaulting to true seems inconsistent with no defaults
-func (x *jsonSource) BoolT(name string) (bool, error) {
-	return false, fmt.Errorf("unsupported type BoolT for JSONSource")
-}
-
 func (x *jsonSource) getValue(key string) (interface{}, error) {
 	return jsonGetValue(key, x.deserialized)
 }
@@ -204,5 +202,6 @@ func jsonGetValue(key string, m map[string]interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 }
 
 type jsonSource struct {
+	file         string
 	deserialized map[string]interface{}
 }

altsrc/map_input_source.go

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ package altsrc
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
-
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 // MapInputSource implements InputSourceContext to return
 // data from the map that is loaded.
 type MapInputSource struct {
+	file     string
 	valueMap map[interface{}]interface{}
 }
 
@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@ func nestedVal(name string, tree map[interface{}]interface{}) (interface{}, bool
 	return nil, false
 }
 
+// Source returns the path of the source file
+func (fsm *MapInputSource) Source() string {
+	return fsm.file
+}
+
 // Int returns an int from the map if it exists otherwise returns 0
 func (fsm *MapInputSource) Int(name string) (int, error) {
 	otherGenericValue, exists := fsm.valueMap[name]
@@ -65,24 +70,28 @@ func (fsm *MapInputSource) Int(name string) (int, error) {
 func (fsm *MapInputSource) Duration(name string) (time.Duration, error) {
 	otherGenericValue, exists := fsm.valueMap[name]
 	if exists {
-		otherValue, isType := otherGenericValue.(time.Duration)
+		return castDuration(name, otherGenericValue)
-		if !isType {
-			return 0, incorrectTypeForFlagError(name, "duration", otherGenericValue)
-		}
-		return otherValue, nil
 	}
 	nestedGenericValue, exists := nestedVal(name, fsm.valueMap)
 	if exists {
-		otherValue, isType := nestedGenericValue.(time.Duration)
+		return castDuration(name, nestedGenericValue)
-		if !isType {
-			return 0, incorrectTypeForFlagError(name, "duration", nestedGenericValue)
-		}
-		return otherValue, nil
 	}
 
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
+func castDuration(name string, value interface{}) (time.Duration, error) {
+	if otherValue, isType := value.(time.Duration); isType {
+		return otherValue, nil
+	}
+	otherStringValue, isType := value.(string)
+	parsedValue, err := time.ParseDuration(otherStringValue)
+	if !isType || err != nil {
+		return 0, incorrectTypeForFlagError(name, "duration", value)
+	}
+	return parsedValue, nil
+}
+
 // Float64 returns an float64 from the map if it exists otherwise returns 0
 func (fsm *MapInputSource) Float64(name string) (float64, error) {
 	otherGenericValue, exists := fsm.valueMap[name]
@@ -229,28 +238,6 @@ func (fsm *MapInputSource) Bool(name string) (bool, error) {
 	return false, nil
 }
 
-// BoolT returns an bool from the map otherwise returns true
-func (fsm *MapInputSource) BoolT(name string) (bool, error) {
-	otherGenericValue, exists := fsm.valueMap[name]
-	if exists {
-		otherValue, isType := otherGenericValue.(bool)
-		if !isType {
-			return true, incorrectTypeForFlagError(name, "bool", otherGenericValue)
-		}
-		return otherValue, nil
-	}
-	nestedGenericValue, exists := nestedVal(name, fsm.valueMap)
-	if exists {
-		otherValue, isType := nestedGenericValue.(bool)
-		if !isType {
-			return true, incorrectTypeForFlagError(name, "bool", nestedGenericValue)
-		}
-		return otherValue, nil
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}
-
 func incorrectTypeForFlagError(name, expectedTypeName string, value interface{}) error {
 	valueType := reflect.TypeOf(value)
 	valueTypeName := ""

altsrc/map_input_source_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package altsrc
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestMapDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	inputSource := &MapInputSource{
+		file: "test",
+		valueMap: map[interface{}]interface{}{
+			"duration_of_duration_type": time.Minute,
+			"duration_of_string_type":   "1m",
+			"duration_of_int_type":      1000,
+		},
+	}
+	d, err := inputSource.Duration("duration_of_duration_type")
+	expect(t, time.Minute, d)
+	expect(t, nil, err)
+	d, err = inputSource.Duration("duration_of_string_type")
+	expect(t, time.Minute, d)
+	expect(t, nil, err)
+	d, err = inputSource.Duration("duration_of_int_type")
+	refute(t, nil, err)
+}

altsrc/toml_command_test.go

@@ -1,26 +1,20 @@
-// Disabling building of toml support in cases where golang is 1.0 or 1.1
-// as the encoding library is not implemented or supported.
-
-// +build go1.2
-
 package altsrc
 
 import (
 	"flag"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 func TestCommandTomFileTest(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("test = 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("test = 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.toml")
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.toml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -35,8 +29,8 @@ func TestCommandTomFileTest(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewTomlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 	err := command.Run(c)
@@ -45,15 +39,15 @@ func TestCommandTomFileTest(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandTomlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWins(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("test = 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("test = 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.toml")
 
-	os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "10")
+	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "10")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.toml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -68,8 +62,8 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWins(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewTomlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -79,15 +73,15 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWins(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandTomlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("[top]\ntest = 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("[top]\ntest = 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.toml")
 
-	os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "10")
+	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "10")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.toml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -102,8 +96,8 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewTomlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -113,13 +107,13 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandTomlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWins(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("test = 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("test = 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.toml")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.toml", "--test", "7"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -134,8 +128,8 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWins(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewTomlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -145,14 +139,14 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWins(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandTomlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte(`[top]
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte(`[top]
   test = 15`), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.toml")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.toml", "--top.test", "7"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -167,8 +161,8 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test"}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewTomlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -178,13 +172,13 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandTomlFileTestDefaultValueFileWins(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("test = 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("test = 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.toml")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.toml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -199,8 +193,8 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestDefaultValueFileWins(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewTomlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -210,13 +204,13 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestDefaultValueFileWins(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandTomlFileTestDefaultValueFileWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("[top]\ntest = 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("[top]\ntest = 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.toml")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.toml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -231,8 +225,8 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestDefaultValueFileWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewTomlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -242,16 +236,16 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileTestDefaultValueFileWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandTomlFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvTomlSetGlobalEnvWins(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("test = 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("test = 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.toml")
 
-	os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "11")
+	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "11")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.toml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -266,8 +260,8 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvTomlSetGlobalEnvWins(t *testing.T
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7, EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7, EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewTomlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 	err := command.Run(c)
@@ -276,16 +270,16 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvTomlSetGlobalEnvWins(t *testing.T
 }
 
 func TestCommandTomlFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvTomlSetGlobalEnvWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("[top]\ntest = 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.toml", []byte("[top]\ntest = 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.toml")
 
-	os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "11")
+	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "11")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.toml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -300,8 +294,8 @@ func TestCommandTomlFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvTomlSetGlobalEnvWinsNested(t *tes
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7, EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7, EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewTomlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 	err := command.Run(c)

altsrc/toml_file_loader.go

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-// Disabling building of toml support in cases where golang is 1.0 or 1.1
-// as the encoding library is not implemented or supported.
-
-// +build go1.2
-
 package altsrc
 
 import (
@@ -10,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 
 	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 type tomlMap struct {
@@ -28,7 +23,7 @@ func unmarshalMap(i interface{}) (ret map[interface{}]interface{}, err error) {
 		case reflect.String:
 			ret[key] = val.(string)
 		case reflect.Int:
-			ret[key] = int(val.(int))
+			ret[key] = val.(int)
 		case reflect.Int8:
 			ret[key] = int(val.(int8))
 		case reflect.Int16:
@@ -50,7 +45,7 @@ func unmarshalMap(i interface{}) (ret map[interface{}]interface{}, err error) {
 		case reflect.Float32:
 			ret[key] = float64(val.(float32))
 		case reflect.Float64:
-			ret[key] = float64(val.(float64))
+			ret[key] = val.(float64)
 		case reflect.Map:
 			if tmp, err := unmarshalMap(val); err == nil {
 				ret[key] = tmp
@@ -86,7 +81,7 @@ func NewTomlSourceFromFile(file string) (InputSourceContext, error) {
 	if err := readCommandToml(tsc.FilePath, &results); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to load TOML file '%s': inner error: \n'%v'", tsc.FilePath, err.Error())
 	}
-	return &MapInputSource{valueMap: results.Map}, nil
+	return &MapInputSource{file: file, valueMap: results.Map}, nil
 }
 
 // NewTomlSourceFromFlagFunc creates a new TOML InputSourceContext from a provided flag name and source context.

altsrc/yaml_command_test.go

@@ -1,26 +1,20 @@
-// Disabling building of yaml support in cases where golang is 1.0 or 1.1
-// as the encoding library is not implemented or supported.
-
-// +build go1.2
-
 package altsrc
 
 import (
 	"flag"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 func TestCommandYamlFileTest(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte("test: 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte("test: 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.yaml")
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.yaml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -35,8 +29,8 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTest(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 	err := command.Run(c)
@@ -45,15 +39,15 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTest(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandYamlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWins(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte("test: 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte("test: 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.yaml")
 
-	os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "10")
+	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "10")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.yaml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -68,8 +62,8 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWins(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -79,16 +73,16 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWins(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandYamlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte(`top:
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte(`top:
   test: 15`), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.yaml")
 
-	os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "10")
+	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "10")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.yaml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -103,8 +97,8 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -114,13 +108,13 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestGlobalEnvVarWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandYamlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWins(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte("test: 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte("test: 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.yaml")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.yaml", "--test", "7"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -135,8 +129,8 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWins(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -146,14 +140,14 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWins(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandYamlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte(`top:
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte(`top:
   test: 15`), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.yaml")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.yaml", "--top.test", "7"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -168,8 +162,8 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test"}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -179,13 +173,13 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestSpecifiedFlagWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandYamlFileTestDefaultValueFileWins(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte("test: 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte("test: 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.yaml")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.yaml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -200,8 +194,8 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestDefaultValueFileWins(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -211,14 +205,14 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestDefaultValueFileWins(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandYamlFileTestDefaultValueFileWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte(`top:
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte(`top:
   test: 15`), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.yaml")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.yaml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -233,8 +227,8 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestDefaultValueFileWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 
@@ -244,16 +238,16 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileTestDefaultValueFileWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommandYamlFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvYamlSetGlobalEnvWins(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte("test: 15"), 0666)
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte("test: 15"), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.yaml")
 
-	os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "11")
+	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "11")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.yaml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -268,8 +262,8 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvYamlSetGlobalEnvWins(t *testing.T
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7, EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "test", Value: 7, EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 	err := command.Run(c)
@@ -278,17 +272,17 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvYamlSetGlobalEnvWins(t *testing.T
 }
 
 func TestCommandYamlFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvYamlSetGlobalEnvWinsNested(t *testing.T) {
-	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app := &cli.App{}
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte(`top:
+	_ = ioutil.WriteFile("current.yaml", []byte(`top:
   test: 15`), 0666)
 	defer os.Remove("current.yaml")
 
-	os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "11")
+	_ = os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "11")
 	defer os.Setenv("THE_TEST", "")
 
 	test := []string{"test-cmd", "--load", "current.yaml"}
-	set.Parse(test)
+	_ = set.Parse(test)
 
 	c := cli.NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
@@ -303,8 +297,8 @@ func TestCommandYamlFileFlagHasDefaultGlobalEnvYamlSetGlobalEnvWinsNested(t *tes
 			return nil
 		},
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7, EnvVar: "THE_TEST"}),
+			NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "top.test", Value: 7, EnvVars: []string{"THE_TEST"}}),
-			cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
+			&cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"}},
 	}
 	command.Before = InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
 	err := command.Run(c)

altsrc/yaml_file_loader.go

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-// Disabling building of yaml support in cases where golang is 1.0 or 1.1
-// as the encoding library is not implemented or supported.
-
-// +build go1.2
-
 package altsrc
 
 import (
@@ -14,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 )
@@ -32,7 +27,7 @@ func NewYamlSourceFromFile(file string) (InputSourceContext, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to load Yaml file '%s': inner error: \n'%v'", ysc.FilePath, err.Error())
 	}
 
-	return &MapInputSource{valueMap: results}, nil
+	return &MapInputSource{file: file, valueMap: results}, nil
 }
 
 // NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc creates a new Yaml InputSourceContext from a provided flag name and source context.

app.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
 	"sort"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -13,11 +14,7 @@ import (
 var (
 	changeLogURL            = "https://github.com/urfave/cli/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md"
 	appActionDeprecationURL = fmt.Sprintf("%s#deprecated-cli-app-action-signature", changeLogURL)
-	// unused variable. commented for now. will remove in future if agreed upon by everyone
-	//runAndExitOnErrorDeprecationURL = fmt.Sprintf("%s#deprecated-cli-app-runandexitonerror", changeLogURL)
-
 	contactSysadmin         = "This is an error in the application.  Please contact the distributor of this application if this is not you."
-
 	errInvalidActionType    = NewExitError("ERROR invalid Action type. "+
 		fmt.Sprintf("Must be `func(*Context`)` or `func(*Context) error).  %s", contactSysadmin)+
 		fmt.Sprintf("See %s", appActionDeprecationURL), 2)
@@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ type App struct {
 	// Description of the program
 	Description string
 	// List of commands to execute
-	Commands []Command
+	Commands []*Command
 	// List of flags to parse
 	Flags []Flag
 	// Boolean to enable bash completion commands
@@ -50,9 +47,9 @@ type App struct {
 	HideHelp bool
 	// Boolean to hide built-in version flag and the VERSION section of help
 	HideVersion bool
-	// Populate on app startup, only gettable through method Categories()
+	// categories contains the categorized commands and is populated on app startup
 	categories CommandCategories
-	// An action to execute when the bash-completion flag is set
+	// An action to execute when the shell completion flag is set
 	BashComplete BashCompleteFunc
 	// An action to execute before any subcommands are run, but after the context is ready
 	// If a non-nil error is returned, no subcommands are run
@@ -60,12 +57,8 @@ type App struct {
 	// An action to execute after any subcommands are run, but after the subcommand has finished
 	// It is run even if Action() panics
 	After AfterFunc
-
 	// The action to execute when no subcommands are specified
-	// Expects a `cli.ActionFunc` but will accept the *deprecated* signature of `func(*cli.Context) {}`
+	Action ActionFunc
-	// *Note*: support for the deprecated `Action` signature will be removed in a future version
-	Action interface{}
-
 	// Execute this function if the proper command cannot be found
 	CommandNotFound CommandNotFoundFunc
 	// Execute this function if an usage error occurs
@@ -73,13 +66,9 @@ type App struct {
 	// Compilation date
 	Compiled time.Time
 	// List of all authors who contributed
-	Authors []Author
+	Authors []*Author
 	// Copyright of the binary if any
 	Copyright string
-	// Name of Author (Note: Use App.Authors, this is deprecated)
-	Author string
-	// Email of Author (Note: Use App.Authors, this is deprecated)
-	Email string
 	// Writer writer to write output to
 	Writer io.Writer
 	// ErrWriter writes error output
@@ -96,7 +85,7 @@ type App struct {
 	// render custom help text by setting this variable.
 	CustomAppHelpTemplate string
 	// Boolean to enable short-option handling so user can combine several
-	// single-character bool arguements into one
+	// single-character bool arguments into one
 	// i.e. foobar -o -v -> foobar -ov
 	UseShortOptionHandling bool
 
@@ -139,22 +128,52 @@ func (a *App) Setup() {
 
 	a.didSetup = true
 
-	if a.Author != "" || a.Email != "" {
+	if a.Name == "" {
-		a.Authors = append(a.Authors, Author{Name: a.Author, Email: a.Email})
+		a.Name = filepath.Base(os.Args[0])
 	}
 
-	var newCmds []Command
+	if a.HelpName == "" {
+		a.HelpName = filepath.Base(os.Args[0])
+	}
+
+	if a.Usage == "" {
+		a.Usage = "A new cli application"
+	}
+
+	if a.Version == "" {
+		a.Version = "0.0.0"
+	}
+
+	if a.BashComplete == nil {
+		a.BashComplete = DefaultAppComplete
+	}
+
+	if a.Action == nil {
+		a.Action = helpCommand.Action
+	}
+
+	if a.Compiled == (time.Time{}) {
+		a.Compiled = compileTime()
+	}
+
+	if a.Writer == nil {
+		a.Writer = os.Stdout
+	}
+
+	var newCommands []*Command
+
 	for _, c := range a.Commands {
 		if c.HelpName == "" {
 			c.HelpName = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", a.HelpName, c.Name)
 		}
-		newCmds = append(newCmds, c)
+		newCommands = append(newCommands, c)
 	}
-	a.Commands = newCmds
+	a.Commands = newCommands
 
 	if a.Command(helpCommand.Name) == nil && !a.HideHelp {
-		a.Commands = append(a.Commands, helpCommand)
+		a.appendCommand(helpCommand)
-		if (HelpFlag != BoolFlag{}) {
+
+		if HelpFlag != nil {
 			a.appendFlag(HelpFlag)
 		}
 	}
@@ -163,11 +182,11 @@ func (a *App) Setup() {
 		a.appendFlag(VersionFlag)
 	}
 
-	a.categories = CommandCategories{}
+	a.categories = newCommandCategories()
 	for _, command := range a.Commands {
-		a.categories = a.categories.AddCommand(command.Category, command)
+		a.categories.AddCommand(command.Category, command)
 	}
-	sort.Sort(a.categories)
+	sort.Sort(a.categories.(*commandCategories))
 
 	if a.Metadata == nil {
 		a.Metadata = make(map[string]interface{})
@@ -249,7 +268,7 @@ func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
 		defer func() {
 			if afterErr := a.After(context); afterErr != nil {
 				if err != nil {
-					err = NewMultiError(err, afterErr)
+					err = newMultiError(err, afterErr)
 				} else {
 					err = afterErr
 				}
@@ -282,7 +301,7 @@ func (a *App) Run(arguments []string) (err error) {
 	}
 
 	// Run default Action
-	err = HandleAction(a.Action, context)
+	err = a.Action(context)
 
 	a.handleExitCoder(context, err)
 	return err
@@ -303,17 +322,20 @@ func (a *App) RunAndExitOnError() {
 // RunAsSubcommand invokes the subcommand given the context, parses ctx.Args() to
 // generate command-specific flags
 func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
+	a.Setup()
+
 	// append help to commands
 	if len(a.Commands) > 0 {
 		if a.Command(helpCommand.Name) == nil && !a.HideHelp {
-			a.Commands = append(a.Commands, helpCommand)
+			a.appendCommand(helpCommand)
-			if (HelpFlag != BoolFlag{}) {
+
+			if HelpFlag != nil {
 				a.appendFlag(HelpFlag)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	newCmds := []Command{}
+	var newCmds []*Command
 	for _, c := range a.Commands {
 		if c.HelpName == "" {
 			c.HelpName = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", a.HelpName, c.Name)
@@ -379,7 +401,7 @@ func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 			if afterErr != nil {
 				a.handleExitCoder(context, err)
 				if err != nil {
-					err = NewMultiError(err, afterErr)
+					err = newMultiError(err, afterErr)
 				} else {
 					err = afterErr
 				}
@@ -406,7 +428,7 @@ func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 	}
 
 	// Run default Action
-	err = HandleAction(a.Action, context)
+	err = a.Action(context)
 
 	a.handleExitCoder(context, err)
 	return err
@@ -416,29 +438,22 @@ func (a *App) RunAsSubcommand(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 func (a *App) Command(name string) *Command {
 	for _, c := range a.Commands {
 		if c.HasName(name) {
-			return &c
+			return c
 		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Categories returns a slice containing all the categories with the commands they contain
-func (a *App) Categories() CommandCategories {
-	return a.categories
-}
-
 // VisibleCategories returns a slice of categories and commands that are
 // Hidden=false
-func (a *App) VisibleCategories() []*CommandCategory {
+func (a *App) VisibleCategories() []CommandCategory {
-	ret := []*CommandCategory{}
+	ret := []CommandCategory{}
-	for _, category := range a.categories {
+	for _, category := range a.categories.Categories() {
-		if visible := func() *CommandCategory {
+		if visible := func() CommandCategory {
-			for _, command := range category.Commands {
+			if len(category.VisibleCommands()) > 0 {
-				if !command.Hidden {
 				return category
 			}
-			}
 			return nil
 		}(); visible != nil {
 			ret = append(ret, visible)
@@ -448,8 +463,8 @@ func (a *App) VisibleCategories() []*CommandCategory {
 }
 
 // VisibleCommands returns a slice of the Commands with Hidden=false
-func (a *App) VisibleCommands() []Command {
+func (a *App) VisibleCommands() []*Command {
-	var ret []Command
+	var ret []*Command
 	for _, command := range a.Commands {
 		if !command.Hidden {
 			ret = append(ret, command)
@@ -465,7 +480,7 @@ func (a *App) VisibleFlags() []Flag {
 
 func (a *App) hasFlag(flag Flag) bool {
 	for _, f := range a.Flags {
-		if flag == f {
+		if reflect.DeepEqual(flag, f) {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
@@ -482,9 +497,15 @@ func (a *App) errWriter() io.Writer {
 	return a.ErrWriter
 }
 
-func (a *App) appendFlag(flag Flag) {
+func (a *App) appendFlag(fl Flag) {
-	if !a.hasFlag(flag) {
+	if !hasFlag(a.Flags, fl) {
-		a.Flags = append(a.Flags, flag)
+		a.Flags = append(a.Flags, fl)
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *App) appendCommand(c *Command) {
+	if !hasCommand(a.Commands, c) {
+		a.Commands = append(a.Commands, c)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -503,7 +524,7 @@ type Author struct {
 }
 
 // String makes Author comply to the Stringer interface, to allow an easy print in the templating process
-func (a Author) String() string {
+func (a *Author) String() string {
 	e := ""
 	if a.Email != "" {
 		e = " <" + a.Email + ">"

app_regression_test.go

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-)
-
-// TestRegression tests a regression that was merged between versions 1.20.0 and 1.21.0
-// The included app.Run line worked in 1.20.0, and then was broken in 1.21.0.
-// Relevant PR: https://github.com/urfave/cli/pull/872
-func TestVersionOneTwoOneRegression(t *testing.T) {
-	testData := []struct {
-		testCase       string
-		appRunInput    []string
-		skipArgReorder bool
-	}{
-		{
-			testCase:    "with_dash_dash",
-			appRunInput: []string{"cli", "command", "--flagone", "flagvalue", "--", "docker", "image", "ls", "--no-trunc"},
-		},
-		{
-			testCase:       "with_dash_dash_and_skip_reorder",
-			appRunInput:    []string{"cli", "command", "--flagone", "flagvalue", "--", "docker", "image", "ls", "--no-trunc"},
-			skipArgReorder: true,
-		},
-		{
-			testCase:    "without_dash_dash",
-			appRunInput: []string{"cli", "command", "--flagone", "flagvalue", "docker", "image", "ls", "--no-trunc"},
-		},
-		{
-			testCase:       "without_dash_dash_and_skip_reorder",
-			appRunInput:    []string{"cli", "command", "--flagone", "flagvalue", "docker", "image", "ls", "--no-trunc"},
-			skipArgReorder: true,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, test := range testData {
-		t.Run(test.testCase, func(t *testing.T) {
-			// setup
-			app := NewApp()
-			app.Commands = []Command{{
-				Name:           "command",
-				SkipArgReorder: test.skipArgReorder,
-				Flags: []Flag{
-					StringFlag{
-						Name: "flagone",
-					},
-				},
-				Action: func(c *Context) error { return nil },
-			}}
-
-			// logic under test
-			err := app.Run(test.appRunInput)
-
-			// assertions
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("did not expected an error, but there was one: %s", err)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

appveyor.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ install:
   - go version
   - go env
   - go get github.com/urfave/gfmrun/cmd/gfmrun
-  - go mod vendor
+  - go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports
+  - go mod tidy
 
 build_script:
   - go run build.go vet

args.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package cli
+
+type Args interface {
+	// Get returns the nth argument, or else a blank string
+	Get(n int) string
+	// First returns the first argument, or else a blank string
+	First() string
+	// Tail returns the rest of the arguments (not the first one)
+	// or else an empty string slice
+	Tail() []string
+	// Len returns the length of the wrapped slice
+	Len() int
+	// Present checks if there are any arguments present
+	Present() bool
+	// Slice returns a copy of the internal slice
+	Slice() []string
+}
+
+type args []string
+
+func (a *args) Get(n int) string {
+	if len(*a) > n {
+		return (*a)[n]
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (a *args) First() string {
+	return a.Get(0)
+}
+
+func (a *args) Tail() []string {
+	if a.Len() >= 2 {
+		tail := []string((*a)[1:])
+		ret := make([]string, len(tail))
+		copy(ret, tail)
+		return ret
+	}
+	return []string{}
+}
+
+func (a *args) Len() int {
+	return len(*a)
+}
+
+func (a *args) Present() bool {
+	return a.Len() != 0
+}
+
+func (a *args) Slice() []string {
+	ret := make([]string, len(*a))
+	copy(ret, *a)
+	return ret
+}

build.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 var packages = []string{"cli", "altsrc"}
@@ -24,19 +24,19 @@ func main() {
 	app.Usage = "Generates a new urfave/cli build!"
 
 	app.Commands = cli.Commands{
-		cli.Command{
+		{
 			Name:   "vet",
 			Action: VetActionFunc,
 		},
-		cli.Command{
+		{
 			Name:   "test",
 			Action: TestActionFunc,
 		},
-		cli.Command{
+		{
 			Name:   "gfmrun",
 			Action: GfmrunActionFunc,
 		},
-		cli.Command{
+		{
 			Name:   "toc",
 			Action: TocActionFunc,
 		},
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ func TestActionFunc(c *cli.Context) error {
 		var packageName string
 
 		if pkg == "cli" {
-			packageName = "github.com/urfave/cli"
+			packageName = "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 		} else {
-			packageName = fmt.Sprintf("github.com/urfave/cli/%s", pkg)
+			packageName = fmt.Sprintf("github.com/urfave/cli/v2/%s", pkg)
 		}
 
 		coverProfile := fmt.Sprintf("--coverprofile=%s.coverprofile", pkg)

category.go

@@ -1,41 +1,75 @@
 package cli
 
-// CommandCategories is a slice of *CommandCategory.
+type CommandCategories interface {
-type CommandCategories []*CommandCategory
+	// AddCommand adds a command to a category, creating a new category if necessary.
+	AddCommand(category string, command *Command)
+	// categories returns a copy of the category slice
+	Categories() []CommandCategory
+}
+
+type commandCategories []*commandCategory
+
+func newCommandCategories() CommandCategories {
+	ret := commandCategories([]*commandCategory{})
+	return &ret
+}
+
+func (c *commandCategories) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	return lexicographicLess((*c)[i].Name(), (*c)[j].Name())
+}
+
+func (c *commandCategories) Len() int {
+	return len(*c)
+}
+
+func (c *commandCategories) Swap(i, j int) {
+	(*c)[i], (*c)[j] = (*c)[j], (*c)[i]
+}
+
+func (c *commandCategories) AddCommand(category string, command *Command) {
+	for _, commandCategory := range []*commandCategory(*c) {
+		if commandCategory.name == category {
+			commandCategory.commands = append(commandCategory.commands, command)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	newVal := append(*c,
+		&commandCategory{name: category, commands: []*Command{command}})
+	*c = newVal
+}
+
+func (c *commandCategories) Categories() []CommandCategory {
+	ret := make([]CommandCategory, len(*c))
+	for i, cat := range *c {
+		ret[i] = cat
+	}
+	return ret
+}
 
 // CommandCategory is a category containing commands.
-type CommandCategory struct {
+type CommandCategory interface {
-	Name     string
+	// Name returns the category name string
-	Commands Commands
+	Name() string
+	// VisibleCommands returns a slice of the Commands with Hidden=false
+	VisibleCommands() []*Command
 }
 
-func (c CommandCategories) Less(i, j int) bool {
+type commandCategory struct {
-	return lexicographicLess(c[i].Name, c[j].Name)
+	name     string
+	commands []*Command
 }
 
-func (c CommandCategories) Len() int {
+func (c *commandCategory) Name() string {
-	return len(c)
+	return c.name
 }
 
-func (c CommandCategories) Swap(i, j int) {
+func (c *commandCategory) VisibleCommands() []*Command {
-	c[i], c[j] = c[j], c[i]
+	if c.commands == nil {
-}
+		c.commands = []*Command{}
-
-// AddCommand adds a command to a category.
-func (c CommandCategories) AddCommand(category string, command Command) CommandCategories {
-	for _, commandCategory := range c {
-		if commandCategory.Name == category {
-			commandCategory.Commands = append(commandCategory.Commands, command)
-			return c
 	}
-	}
-	return append(c, &CommandCategory{Name: category, Commands: []Command{command}})
-}
 
-// VisibleCommands returns a slice of the Commands with Hidden=false
+	var ret []*Command
-func (c *CommandCategory) VisibleCommands() []Command {
+	for _, command := range c.commands {
-	ret := []Command{}
-	for _, command := range c.Commands {
 		if !command.Hidden {
 			ret = append(ret, command)
 		}

cli.go

@@ -2,17 +2,18 @@
 // Go applications. cli is designed to be easy to understand and write, the most simple
 // cli application can be written as follows:
 //   func main() {
-//     cli.NewApp().Run(os.Args)
+//     (&cli.App{}).Run(os.Args)
 //   }
 //
 // Of course this application does not do much, so let's make this an actual application:
 //   func main() {
-//     app := cli.NewApp()
+//     app := &cli.App{
-//     app.Name = "greet"
+//			 Name: "greet",
-//     app.Usage = "say a greeting"
+//			 Usage: "say a greeting",
-//     app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+//			 Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-//       println("Greetings")
+//				 fmt.Println("Greetings")
 //				 return nil
+//			 },
 //		 }
 //
 //     app.Run(os.Args)

command.go

@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ import (
 type Command struct {
 	// The name of the command
 	Name string
-	// short name of the command. Typically one character (deprecated, use `Aliases`)
-	ShortName string
 	// A list of aliases for the command
 	Aliases []string
 	// A short description of the usage of this command
@@ -34,23 +32,15 @@ type Command struct {
 	// It is run even if Action() panics
 	After AfterFunc
 	// The function to call when this command is invoked
-	Action interface{}
+	Action ActionFunc
-	// TODO: replace `Action: interface{}` with `Action: ActionFunc` once some kind
-	// of deprecation period has passed, maybe?
-
 	// Execute this function if a usage error occurs.
 	OnUsageError OnUsageErrorFunc
 	// List of child commands
-	Subcommands Commands
+	Subcommands []*Command
 	// List of flags to parse
 	Flags []Flag
 	// Treat all flags as normal arguments if true
 	SkipFlagParsing bool
-	// Skip argument reordering which attempts to move flags before arguments,
-	// but only works if all flags appear after all arguments. This behavior was
-	// removed n version 2 since it only works under specific conditions so we
-	// backport here by exposing it as an option for compatibility.
-	SkipArgReorder bool
 	// Boolean to hide built-in help command
 	HideHelp bool
 	// Boolean to hide this command from help or completion
@@ -70,7 +60,9 @@ type Command struct {
 	CustomHelpTemplate string
 }
 
-type CommandsByName []Command
+type Commands []*Command
+
+type CommandsByName []*Command
 
 func (c CommandsByName) Len() int {
 	return len(c)
@@ -86,35 +78,29 @@ func (c CommandsByName) Swap(i, j int) {
 
 // FullName returns the full name of the command.
 // For subcommands this ensures that parent commands are part of the command path
-func (c Command) FullName() string {
+func (c *Command) FullName() string {
 	if c.commandNamePath == nil {
 		return c.Name
 	}
 	return strings.Join(c.commandNamePath, " ")
 }
 
-// Commands is a slice of Command
-type Commands []Command
-
 // Run invokes the command given the context, parses ctx.Args() to generate command-specific flags
-func (c Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
+func (c *Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 	if len(c.Subcommands) > 0 {
 		return c.startApp(ctx)
 	}
 
-	if !c.HideHelp && (HelpFlag != BoolFlag{}) {
+	if !c.HideHelp && HelpFlag != nil {
 		// append help to flags
-		c.Flags = append(
+		c.appendFlag(HelpFlag)
-			c.Flags,
-			HelpFlag,
-		)
 	}
 
 	if ctx.App.UseShortOptionHandling {
 		c.UseShortOptionHandling = true
 	}
 
-	set, err := c.parseFlags(ctx.Args().Tail())
+	set, err := c.parseFlags(ctx.Args())
 
 	context := NewContext(ctx.App, set, ctx)
 	context.Command = c
@@ -124,7 +110,7 @@ func (c Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 
 	if err != nil {
 		if c.OnUsageError != nil {
-			err := c.OnUsageError(context, err, false)
+			err = c.OnUsageError(context, err, false)
 			context.App.handleExitCoder(context, err)
 			return err
 		}
@@ -150,7 +136,7 @@ func (c Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 			if afterErr != nil {
 				context.App.handleExitCoder(context, err)
 				if err != nil {
-					err = NewMultiError(err, afterErr)
+					err = newMultiError(err, afterErr)
 				} else {
 					err = afterErr
 				}
@@ -171,7 +157,8 @@ func (c Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 		c.Action = helpSubcommand.Action
 	}
 
-	err = HandleAction(c.Action, context)
+	context.Command = c
+	err = c.Action(context)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		context.App.handleExitCoder(context, err)
@@ -179,26 +166,25 @@ func (c Command) Run(ctx *Context) (err error) {
 	return err
 }
 
+func (c *Command) newFlagSet() (*flag.FlagSet, error) {
+	return flagSet(c.Name, c.Flags)
+}
+
+func (c *Command) useShortOptionHandling() bool {
+	return c.UseShortOptionHandling
+}
+
 func (c *Command) parseFlags(args Args) (*flag.FlagSet, error) {
+	set, err := c.newFlagSet()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	if c.SkipFlagParsing {
-		set, err := c.newFlagSet()
+		return set, set.Parse(append([]string{"--"}, args.Tail()...))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
 	}
 
-		return set, set.Parse(append([]string{"--"}, args...))
+	err = parseIter(set, c, args.Tail())
-	}
-
-	if !c.SkipArgReorder {
-		args = reorderArgs(c.Flags, args)
-	}
-
-	set, err := c.newFlagSet()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	err = parseIter(set, c, args)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -211,96 +197,13 @@ func (c *Command) parseFlags(args Args) (*flag.FlagSet, error) {
 	return set, nil
 }
 
-func (c *Command) newFlagSet() (*flag.FlagSet, error) {
-	return flagSet(c.Name, c.Flags)
-}
-
-func (c *Command) useShortOptionHandling() bool {
-	return c.UseShortOptionHandling
-}
-
-// reorderArgs moves all flags (via reorderedArgs) before the rest of
-// the arguments (remainingArgs) as this is what flag expects.
-func reorderArgs(commandFlags []Flag, args []string) []string {
-	var remainingArgs, reorderedArgs []string
-
-	nextIndexMayContainValue := false
-	for i, arg := range args {
-
-		// dont reorder any args after a --
-		// read about -- here:
-		// https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/11376/what-does-double-dash-mean-also-known-as-bare-double-dash
-		if arg == "--" {
-			remainingArgs = append(remainingArgs, args[i:]...)
-			break
-
-			// checks if this arg is a value that should be re-ordered next to its associated flag
-		} else if nextIndexMayContainValue && !strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-") {
-			nextIndexMayContainValue = false
-			reorderedArgs = append(reorderedArgs, arg)
-
-			// checks if this is an arg that should be re-ordered
-		} else if argIsFlag(commandFlags, arg) {
-			// we have determined that this is a flag that we should re-order
-			reorderedArgs = append(reorderedArgs, arg)
-			// if this arg does not contain a "=", then the next index may contain the value for this flag
-			nextIndexMayContainValue = !strings.Contains(arg, "=")
-
-			// simply append any remaining args
-		} else {
-			remainingArgs = append(remainingArgs, arg)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return append(reorderedArgs, remainingArgs...)
-}
-
-// argIsFlag checks if an arg is one of our command flags
-func argIsFlag(commandFlags []Flag, arg string) bool {
-	// checks if this is just a `-`, and so definitely not a flag
-	if arg == "-" {
-		return false
-	}
-	// flags always start with a -
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-") {
-		return false
-	}
-	// this line turns `--flag` into `flag`
-	if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "--") {
-		arg = strings.Replace(arg, "-", "", 2)
-	}
-	// this line turns `-flag` into `flag`
-	if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-") {
-		arg = strings.Replace(arg, "-", "", 1)
-	}
-	// this line turns `flag=value` into `flag`
-	arg = strings.Split(arg, "=")[0]
-	// look through all the flags, to see if the `arg` is one of our flags
-	for _, flag := range commandFlags {
-		for _, key := range strings.Split(flag.GetName(), ",") {
-			key := strings.TrimSpace(key)
-			if key == arg {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	// return false if this arg was not one of our flags
-	return false
-}
-
 // Names returns the names including short names and aliases.
-func (c Command) Names() []string {
+func (c *Command) Names() []string {
-	names := []string{c.Name}
+	return append([]string{c.Name}, c.Aliases...)
-
-	if c.ShortName != "" {
-		names = append(names, c.ShortName)
-	}
-
-	return append(names, c.Aliases...)
 }
 
-// HasName returns true if Command.Name or Command.ShortName matches given name
+// HasName returns true if Command.Name matches given name
-func (c Command) HasName(name string) bool {
+func (c *Command) HasName(name string) bool {
 	for _, n := range c.Names() {
 		if n == name {
 			return true
@@ -309,12 +212,12 @@ func (c Command) HasName(name string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func (c Command) startApp(ctx *Context) error {
+func (c *Command) startApp(ctx *Context) error {
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{
-	app.Metadata = ctx.App.Metadata
+		Metadata: ctx.App.Metadata,
-	app.ExitErrHandler = ctx.App.ExitErrHandler
+		Name:     fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", ctx.App.Name, c.Name),
-	// set the name and usage
+	}
-	app.Name = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", ctx.App.Name, c.Name)
+
 	if c.HelpName == "" {
 		app.HelpName = c.HelpName
 	} else {
@@ -337,18 +240,17 @@ func (c Command) startApp(ctx *Context) error {
 	app.Version = ctx.App.Version
 	app.HideVersion = ctx.App.HideVersion
 	app.Compiled = ctx.App.Compiled
-	app.Author = ctx.App.Author
-	app.Email = ctx.App.Email
 	app.Writer = ctx.App.Writer
 	app.ErrWriter = ctx.App.ErrWriter
+	app.ExitErrHandler = ctx.App.ExitErrHandler
 	app.UseShortOptionHandling = ctx.App.UseShortOptionHandling
 
-	app.categories = CommandCategories{}
+	app.categories = newCommandCategories()
 	for _, command := range c.Subcommands {
-		app.categories = app.categories.AddCommand(command.Category, command)
+		app.categories.AddCommand(command.Category, command)
 	}
 
-	sort.Sort(app.categories)
+	sort.Sort(app.categories.(*commandCategories))
 
 	// bash completion
 	app.EnableBashCompletion = ctx.App.EnableBashCompletion
@@ -374,6 +276,22 @@ func (c Command) startApp(ctx *Context) error {
 }
 
 // VisibleFlags returns a slice of the Flags with Hidden=false
-func (c Command) VisibleFlags() []Flag {
+func (c *Command) VisibleFlags() []Flag {
 	return visibleFlags(c.Flags)
 }
+
+func (c *Command) appendFlag(fl Flag) {
+	if !hasFlag(c.Flags, fl) {
+		c.Flags = append(c.Flags, fl)
+	}
+}
+
+func hasCommand(commands []*Command, command *Command) bool {
+	for _, existing := range commands {
+		if command == existing {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

command_test.go

@@ -13,27 +13,19 @@ func TestCommandFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := []struct {
 		testArgs               []string
 		skipFlagParsing        bool
-		skipArgReorder         bool
+		useShortOptionHandling bool
 		expectedErr            error
-		UseShortOptionHandling bool
 	}{
 		// Test normal "not ignoring flags" flow
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah", "blah", "-break"}, false, false, nil, false},
+		{testArgs: []string{"test-cmd", "-break", "blah", "blah"}, skipFlagParsing: false, useShortOptionHandling: false, expectedErr: errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -break")},
-
+		{testArgs: []string{"test-cmd", "blah", "blah"}, skipFlagParsing: true, useShortOptionHandling: false, expectedErr: nil},   // Test SkipFlagParsing without any args that look like flags
-		// Test no arg reorder
+		{testArgs: []string{"test-cmd", "blah", "-break"}, skipFlagParsing: true, useShortOptionHandling: false, expectedErr: nil}, // Test SkipFlagParsing with random flag arg
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah", "blah", "-break"}, false, true, nil, false},
+		{testArgs: []string{"test-cmd", "blah", "-help"}, skipFlagParsing: true, useShortOptionHandling: false, expectedErr: nil},  // Test SkipFlagParsing with "special" help flag arg
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah", "blah", "-break", "ls", "-l"}, false, true, nil, true},
+		{testArgs: []string{"test-cmd", "blah", "-h"}, skipFlagParsing: false, useShortOptionHandling: true, expectedErr: nil},     // Test UseShortOptionHandling
-
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah", "blah"}, true, false, nil, false},   // Test SkipFlagParsing without any args that look like flags
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah", "-break"}, true, false, nil, false}, // Test SkipFlagParsing with random flag arg
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah", "-help"}, true, false, nil, false},  // Test SkipFlagParsing with "special" help flag arg
-		{[]string{"test-cmd", "blah"}, false, false, nil, true},           // Test UseShortOptionHandling
-
 	}
 
 	for _, c := range cases {
-		app := NewApp()
+		app := &App{Writer: ioutil.Discard}
-		app.Writer = ioutil.Discard
 		set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 		_ = set.Parse(c.testArgs)
 
@@ -46,46 +38,44 @@ func TestCommandFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 			Description:     "testing",
 			Action:          func(_ *Context) error { return nil },
 			SkipFlagParsing: c.skipFlagParsing,
-			SkipArgReorder:         c.skipArgReorder,
-			UseShortOptionHandling: c.UseShortOptionHandling,
 		}
 
 		err := command.Run(context)
 
 		expect(t, err, c.expectedErr)
-		expect(t, []string(context.Args()), c.testArgs)
+		expect(t, context.Args().Slice(), c.testArgs)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestParseAndRunShortOpts(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := []struct {
-		testArgs     []string
+		testArgs     args
 		expectedErr  error
-		expectedArgs []string
+		expectedArgs Args
 	}{
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-a"}, nil, []string{}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-a"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-c", "arg1", "arg2"}, nil, []string{"arg1", "arg2"}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-c", "arg1", "arg2"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{"arg1", "arg2"}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-f"}, nil, []string{}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-f"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-ac", "--fgh"}, nil, []string{}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-ac", "--fgh"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-af"}, nil, []string{}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-af"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-cf"}, nil, []string{}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-cf"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-acf"}, nil, []string{}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-acf"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "--acf"}, errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -acf"), nil},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "--acf"}, expectedErr: errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -acf"), expectedArgs: nil},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-invalid"}, errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -invalid"), nil},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-invalid"}, expectedErr: errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -invalid"), expectedArgs: nil},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-acf", "-invalid"}, errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -invalid"), nil},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-acf", "-invalid"}, expectedErr: errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -invalid"), expectedArgs: nil},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "--invalid"}, errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -invalid"), nil},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "--invalid"}, expectedErr: errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -invalid"), expectedArgs: nil},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-acf", "--invalid"}, errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -invalid"), nil},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-acf", "--invalid"}, expectedErr: errors.New("flag provided but not defined: -invalid"), expectedArgs: nil},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-acf", "arg1", "-invalid"}, nil, []string{"arg1", "-invalid"}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-acf", "arg1", "-invalid"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{"arg1", "-invalid"}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-acf", "arg1", "--invalid"}, nil, []string{"arg1", "--invalid"}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-acf", "arg1", "--invalid"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{"arg1", "--invalid"}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-acfi", "not-arg", "arg1", "-invalid"}, nil, []string{"arg1", "-invalid"}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-acfi", "not-arg", "arg1", "-invalid"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{"arg1", "-invalid"}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-i", "ivalue"}, nil, []string{}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-i", "ivalue"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-i", "ivalue", "arg1"}, nil, []string{"arg1"}},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-i", "ivalue", "arg1"}, expectedErr: nil, expectedArgs: &args{"arg1"}},
-		{[]string{"foo", "test", "-i"}, errors.New("flag needs an argument: -i"), nil},
+		{testArgs: args{"foo", "test", "-i"}, expectedErr: errors.New("flag needs an argument: -i"), expectedArgs: nil},
 	}
 
 	for _, c := range cases {
-		var args []string
+		var args Args
-		cmd := Command{
+		cmd := &Command{
 			Name:        "test",
 			Usage:       "this is for testing",
 			Description: "testing",
@@ -93,18 +83,17 @@ func TestParseAndRunShortOpts(t *testing.T) {
 				args = c.Args()
 				return nil
 			},
-			SkipArgReorder:         true,
 			UseShortOptionHandling: true,
 			Flags: []Flag{
-				BoolFlag{Name: "abc, a"},
+				&BoolFlag{Name: "abc", Aliases: []string{"a"}},
-				BoolFlag{Name: "cde, c"},
+				&BoolFlag{Name: "cde", Aliases: []string{"c"}},
-				BoolFlag{Name: "fgh, f"},
+				&BoolFlag{Name: "fgh", Aliases: []string{"f"}},
-				StringFlag{Name: "ijk, i"},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "ijk", Aliases: []string{"i"}},
 			},
 		}
 
 		app := NewApp()
-		app.Commands = []Command{cmd}
+		app.Commands = []*Command{cmd}
 
 		err := app.Run(c.testArgs)
 
@@ -114,8 +103,8 @@ func TestParseAndRunShortOpts(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommand_Run_DoesNotOverwriteErrorFromBefore(t *testing.T) {
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{
-	app.Commands = []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name: "bar",
 				Before: func(c *Context) error {
@@ -125,6 +114,7 @@ func TestCommand_Run_DoesNotOverwriteErrorFromBefore(t *testing.T) {
 					return fmt.Errorf("after error")
 				},
 			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	err := app.Run([]string{"foo", "bar"})
@@ -144,8 +134,8 @@ func TestCommand_Run_BeforeSavesMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 	var receivedMsgFromAction string
 	var receivedMsgFromAfter string
 
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{
-	app.Commands = []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name: "bar",
 				Before: func(c *Context) error {
@@ -169,6 +159,7 @@ func TestCommand_Run_BeforeSavesMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 					return nil
 				},
 			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	err := app.Run([]string{"foo", "bar"})
@@ -189,17 +180,18 @@ func TestCommand_Run_BeforeSavesMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommand_OnUsageError_hasCommandContext(t *testing.T) {
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{
-	app.Commands = []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name: "bar",
 				Flags: []Flag{
-				IntFlag{Name: "flag"},
+					&IntFlag{Name: "flag"},
 				},
 				OnUsageError: func(c *Context, err error, _ bool) error {
 					return fmt.Errorf("intercepted in %s: %s", c.Command.Name, err.Error())
 				},
 			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	err := app.Run([]string{"foo", "bar", "--flag=wrong"})
@@ -213,12 +205,12 @@ func TestCommand_OnUsageError_hasCommandContext(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommand_OnUsageError_WithWrongFlagValue(t *testing.T) {
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{
-	app.Commands = []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name: "bar",
 				Flags: []Flag{
-				IntFlag{Name: "flag"},
+					&IntFlag{Name: "flag"},
 				},
 				OnUsageError: func(c *Context, err error, _ bool) error {
 					if !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "invalid value \"wrong\"") {
@@ -227,6 +219,7 @@ func TestCommand_OnUsageError_WithWrongFlagValue(t *testing.T) {
 					return errors.New("intercepted: " + err.Error())
 				},
 			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	err := app.Run([]string{"foo", "bar", "--flag=wrong"})
@@ -240,17 +233,17 @@ func TestCommand_OnUsageError_WithWrongFlagValue(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommand_OnUsageError_WithSubcommand(t *testing.T) {
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{
-	app.Commands = []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name: "bar",
-			Subcommands: []Command{
+				Subcommands: []*Command{
 					{
 						Name: "baz",
 					},
 				},
 				Flags: []Flag{
-				IntFlag{Name: "flag"},
+					&IntFlag{Name: "flag"},
 				},
 				OnUsageError: func(c *Context, err error, _ bool) error {
 					if !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "invalid value \"wrong\"") {
@@ -259,6 +252,7 @@ func TestCommand_OnUsageError_WithSubcommand(t *testing.T) {
 					return errors.New("intercepted: " + err.Error())
 				},
 			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	err := app.Run([]string{"foo", "bar", "--flag=wrong"})
@@ -272,13 +266,13 @@ func TestCommand_OnUsageError_WithSubcommand(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCommand_Run_SubcommandsCanUseErrWriter(t *testing.T) {
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{
-	app.ErrWriter = ioutil.Discard
+		ErrWriter: ioutil.Discard,
-	app.Commands = []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name:  "bar",
 				Usage: "this is for testing",
-			Subcommands: []Command{
+				Subcommands: []*Command{
 					{
 						Name:  "baz",
 						Usage: "this is for testing",
@@ -292,6 +286,7 @@ func TestCommand_Run_SubcommandsCanUseErrWriter(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	err := app.Run([]string{"foo", "bar", "baz"})
@@ -300,67 +295,30 @@ func TestCommand_Run_SubcommandsCanUseErrWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestCommandFlagReordering(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		testArgs      []string
-		expectedValue string
-		expectedArgs  []string
-		expectedErr   error
-	}{
-		{[]string{"some-exec", "some-command", "some-arg", "--flag", "foo"}, "foo", []string{"some-arg"}, nil},
-		{[]string{"some-exec", "some-command", "some-arg", "--flag=foo"}, "foo", []string{"some-arg"}, nil},
-		{[]string{"some-exec", "some-command", "--flag=foo", "some-arg"}, "foo", []string{"some-arg"}, nil},
-	}
-
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		value := ""
-		var args []string
-		app := &App{
-			Commands: []Command{
-				{
-					Name: "some-command",
-					Flags: []Flag{
-						StringFlag{Name: "flag"},
-					},
-					Action: func(c *Context) {
-						fmt.Printf("%+v\n", c.String("flag"))
-						value = c.String("flag")
-						args = c.Args()
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		}
-
-		err := app.Run(c.testArgs)
-		expect(t, err, c.expectedErr)
-		expect(t, value, c.expectedValue)
-		expect(t, args, c.expectedArgs)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestCommandSkipFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := []struct {
-		testArgs     []string
+		testArgs     args
-		expectedArgs []string
+		expectedArgs *args
 		expectedErr  error
 	}{
-		{[]string{"some-exec", "some-command", "some-arg", "--flag", "foo"}, []string{"some-arg", "--flag", "foo"}, nil},
+		{testArgs: args{"some-exec", "some-command", "some-arg", "--flag", "foo"}, expectedArgs: &args{"some-arg", "--flag", "foo"}, expectedErr: nil},
-		{[]string{"some-exec", "some-command", "some-arg", "--flag=foo"}, []string{"some-arg", "--flag=foo"}, nil},
+		{testArgs: args{"some-exec", "some-command", "some-arg", "--flag=foo"}, expectedArgs: &args{"some-arg", "--flag=foo"}, expectedErr: nil},
 	}
 
 	for _, c := range cases {
-		var args []string
+		var args Args
 		app := &App{
-			Commands: []Command{
+			Commands: []*Command{
 				{
 					SkipFlagParsing: true,
 					Name:            "some-command",
 					Flags: []Flag{
-						StringFlag{Name: "flag"},
+						&StringFlag{Name: "flag"},
 					},
-					Action: func(c *Context) {
+					Action: func(c *Context) error {
 						fmt.Printf("%+v\n", c.String("flag"))
 						args = c.Args()
+						return nil
 					},
 				},
 			},

context.go

@@ -1,36 +1,51 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"reflect"
+	"os/signal"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 )
 
 // Context is a type that is passed through to
 // each Handler action in a cli application. Context
-// can be used to retrieve context-specific Args and
+// can be used to retrieve context-specific args and
 // parsed command-line options.
 type Context struct {
+	context.Context
 	App           *App
-	Command       Command
+	Command       *Command
 	shellComplete bool
-	flagSet       *flag.FlagSet
 	setFlags      map[string]bool
+	flagSet       *flag.FlagSet
 	parentContext *Context
 }
 
 // NewContext creates a new context. For use in when invoking an App or Command action.
 func NewContext(app *App, set *flag.FlagSet, parentCtx *Context) *Context {
 	c := &Context{App: app, flagSet: set, parentContext: parentCtx}
-
 	if parentCtx != nil {
+		c.Context = parentCtx.Context
 		c.shellComplete = parentCtx.shellComplete
 	}
 
+	c.Command = &Command{}
+
+	if c.Context == nil {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		go func() {
+			defer cancel()
+			sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+			signal.Notify(sigs, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+			<-sigs
+		}()
+		c.Context = ctx
+	}
+
 	return c
 }
 
@@ -41,214 +56,122 @@ func (c *Context) NumFlags() int {
 
 // Set sets a context flag to a value.
 func (c *Context) Set(name, value string) error {
-	c.setFlags = nil
 	return c.flagSet.Set(name, value)
 }
 
-// GlobalSet sets a context flag to a value on the global flagset
-func (c *Context) GlobalSet(name, value string) error {
-	globalContext(c).setFlags = nil
-	return globalContext(c).flagSet.Set(name, value)
-}
-
 // IsSet determines if the flag was actually set
 func (c *Context) IsSet(name string) bool {
-	if c.setFlags == nil {
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-		c.setFlags = make(map[string]bool)
+		if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-
+			isSet := false
-		c.flagSet.Visit(func(f *flag.Flag) {
+			fs.Visit(func(f *flag.Flag) {
-			c.setFlags[f.Name] = true
+				if f.Name == name {
-		})
+					isSet = true
-
-		c.flagSet.VisitAll(func(f *flag.Flag) {
-			if _, ok := c.setFlags[f.Name]; ok {
-				return
-			}
-			c.setFlags[f.Name] = false
-		})
-
-		// XXX hack to support IsSet for flags with EnvVar
-		//
-		// There isn't an easy way to do this with the current implementation since
-		// whether a flag was set via an environment variable is very difficult to
-		// determine here. Instead, we intend to introduce a backwards incompatible
-		// change in version 2 to add `IsSet` to the Flag interface to push the
-		// responsibility closer to where the information required to determine
-		// whether a flag is set by non-standard means such as environment
-		// variables is available.
-		//
-		// See https://github.com/urfave/cli/issues/294 for additional discussion
-		flags := c.Command.Flags
-		if c.Command.Name == "" { // cannot == Command{} since it contains slice types
-			if c.App != nil {
-				flags = c.App.Flags
-			}
-		}
-		for _, f := range flags {
-			eachName(f.GetName(), func(name string) {
-				if isSet, ok := c.setFlags[name]; isSet || !ok {
-					return
-				}
-
-				val := reflect.ValueOf(f)
-				if val.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-					val = val.Elem()
-				}
-
-				filePathValue := val.FieldByName("FilePath")
-				if filePathValue.IsValid() {
-					eachName(filePathValue.String(), func(filePath string) {
-						if _, err := os.Stat(filePath); err == nil {
-							c.setFlags[name] = true
-							return
 				}
 			})
-				}
+			if isSet {
-
-				envVarValue := val.FieldByName("EnvVar")
-				if envVarValue.IsValid() {
-					eachName(envVarValue.String(), func(envVar string) {
-						envVar = strings.TrimSpace(envVar)
-						if _, ok := syscall.Getenv(envVar); ok {
-							c.setFlags[name] = true
-							return
-						}
-					})
-				}
-			})
-		}
-	}
-
-	return c.setFlags[name]
-}
-
-// GlobalIsSet determines if the global flag was actually set
-func (c *Context) GlobalIsSet(name string) bool {
-	ctx := c
-	if ctx.parentContext != nil {
-		ctx = ctx.parentContext
-	}
-
-	for ; ctx != nil; ctx = ctx.parentContext {
-		if ctx.IsSet(name) {
 				return true
 			}
 		}
+
+		f := lookupFlag(name, c)
+		if f == nil {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		return f.IsSet()
+	}
+
 	return false
 }
 
-// FlagNames returns a slice of flag names used in this context.
+// LocalFlagNames returns a slice of flag names used in this context.
-func (c *Context) FlagNames() (names []string) {
+func (c *Context) LocalFlagNames() []string {
-	for _, f := range c.Command.Flags {
+	var names []string
-		name := strings.Split(f.GetName(), ",")[0]
+	c.flagSet.Visit(makeFlagNameVisitor(&names))
-		if name == "help" {
+	return names
-			continue
-		}
-		names = append(names, name)
-	}
-	return
 }
 
-// GlobalFlagNames returns a slice of global flag names used by the app.
+// FlagNames returns a slice of flag names used by the this context and all of
-func (c *Context) GlobalFlagNames() (names []string) {
+// its parent contexts.
-	for _, f := range c.App.Flags {
+func (c *Context) FlagNames() []string {
-		name := strings.Split(f.GetName(), ",")[0]
+	var names []string
-		if name == "help" || name == "version" {
+	for _, ctx := range c.Lineage() {
-			continue
+		ctx.flagSet.Visit(makeFlagNameVisitor(&names))
 	}
-		names = append(names, name)
+	return names
-	}
-	return
 }
 
-// Parent returns the parent context, if any
+// Lineage returns *this* context and all of its ancestor contexts in order from
-func (c *Context) Parent() *Context {
+// child to parent
-	return c.parentContext
+func (c *Context) Lineage() []*Context {
+	var lineage []*Context
+
+	for cur := c; cur != nil; cur = cur.parentContext {
+		lineage = append(lineage, cur)
+	}
+
+	return lineage
 }
 
-// value returns the value of the flag coressponding to `name`
+// value returns the value of the flag corresponding to `name`
 func (c *Context) value(name string) interface{} {
 	return c.flagSet.Lookup(name).Value.(flag.Getter).Get()
 }
 
-// Args contains apps console arguments
-type Args []string
-
 // Args returns the command line arguments associated with the context.
 func (c *Context) Args() Args {
-	args := Args(c.flagSet.Args())
+	ret := args(c.flagSet.Args())
-	return args
+	return &ret
 }
 
 // NArg returns the number of the command line arguments.
 func (c *Context) NArg() int {
-	return len(c.Args())
+	return c.Args().Len()
 }
 
-// Get returns the nth argument, or else a blank string
+func lookupFlag(name string, ctx *Context) Flag {
-func (a Args) Get(n int) string {
+	for _, c := range ctx.Lineage() {
-	if len(a) > n {
+		if c.Command == nil {
-		return a[n]
+			continue
 		}
-	return ""
-}
 
-// First returns the first argument, or else a blank string
+		for _, f := range c.Command.Flags {
-func (a Args) First() string {
+			for _, n := range f.Names() {
-	return a.Get(0)
+				if n == name {
-}
+					return f
-
-// Tail returns the rest of the arguments (not the first one)
-// or else an empty string slice
-func (a Args) Tail() []string {
-	if len(a) >= 2 {
-		return []string(a)[1:]
 				}
-	return []string{}
-}
-
-// Present checks if there are any arguments present
-func (a Args) Present() bool {
-	return len(a) != 0
-}
-
-// Swap swaps arguments at the given indexes
-func (a Args) Swap(from, to int) error {
-	if from >= len(a) || to >= len(a) {
-		return errors.New("index out of range")
 			}
-	a[from], a[to] = a[to], a[from]
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ctx.App != nil {
+		for _, f := range ctx.App.Flags {
+			for _, n := range f.Names() {
+				if n == name {
+					return f
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
-func globalContext(ctx *Context) *Context {
+func lookupFlagSet(name string, ctx *Context) *flag.FlagSet {
-	if ctx == nil {
+	for _, c := range ctx.Lineage() {
-		return nil
+		if f := c.flagSet.Lookup(name); f != nil {
+			return c.flagSet
+		}
 	}
 
-	for {
-		if ctx.parentContext == nil {
-			return ctx
-		}
-		ctx = ctx.parentContext
-	}
-}
-
-func lookupGlobalFlagSet(name string, ctx *Context) *flag.FlagSet {
-	if ctx.parentContext != nil {
-		ctx = ctx.parentContext
-	}
-	for ; ctx != nil; ctx = ctx.parentContext {
-		if f := ctx.flagSet.Lookup(name); f != nil {
-			return ctx.flagSet
-		}
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func copyFlag(name string, ff *flag.Flag, set *flag.FlagSet) {
 	switch ff.Value.(type) {
-	case *StringSlice:
+	case Serializer:
+		_ = set.Set(name, ff.Value.(Serializer).Serialize())
 	default:
 		_ = set.Set(name, ff.Value.String())
 	}
@@ -260,7 +183,7 @@ func normalizeFlags(flags []Flag, set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 		visited[f.Name] = true
 	})
 	for _, f := range flags {
-		parts := strings.Split(f.GetName(), ",")
+		parts := f.Names()
 		if len(parts) == 1 {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -287,6 +210,24 @@ func normalizeFlags(flags []Flag, set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func makeFlagNameVisitor(names *[]string) func(*flag.Flag) {
+	return func(f *flag.Flag) {
+		nameParts := strings.Split(f.Name, ",")
+		name := strings.TrimSpace(nameParts[0])
+
+		for _, part := range nameParts {
+			part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+			if len(part) > len(name) {
+				name = part
+			}
+		}
+
+		if name != "" {
+			*names = append(*names, name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 type requiredFlagsErr interface {
 	error
 	getMissingFlags() []string
@@ -315,7 +256,8 @@ func checkRequiredFlags(flags []Flag, context *Context) requiredFlagsErr {
 		if rf, ok := f.(RequiredFlag); ok && rf.IsRequired() {
 			var flagPresent bool
 			var flagName string
-			for _, key := range strings.Split(f.GetName(), ",") {
+
+			for _, key := range f.Names() {
 				if len(key) > 1 {
 					flagName = key
 				}

context_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"flag"
+	"sort"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ func TestNewContext(t *testing.T) {
 	globalSet.Uint64("myflagUint64", uint64(33), "doc")
 	globalSet.Float64("myflag64", float64(47), "doc")
 	globalCtx := NewContext(nil, globalSet, nil)
-	command := Command{Name: "mycommand"}
+	command := &Command{Name: "mycommand"}
 	c := NewContext(nil, set, globalCtx)
 	c.Command = command
 	expect(t, c.Int("myflag"), 12)
@@ -30,123 +32,108 @@ func TestNewContext(t *testing.T) {
 	expect(t, c.Uint("myflagUint"), uint(93))
 	expect(t, c.Uint64("myflagUint64"), uint64(93))
 	expect(t, c.Float64("myflag64"), float64(17))
-	expect(t, c.GlobalInt("myflag"), 42)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalInt64("myflagInt64"), int64(42))
-	expect(t, c.GlobalUint("myflagUint"), uint(33))
-	expect(t, c.GlobalUint64("myflagUint64"), uint64(33))
-	expect(t, c.GlobalFloat64("myflag64"), float64(47))
 	expect(t, c.Command.Name, "mycommand")
 }
 
 func TestContext_Int(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.Int("myflag", 12, "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Int("top-flag", 13, "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	c := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
 	expect(t, c.Int("myflag"), 12)
+	expect(t, c.Int("top-flag"), 13)
 }
 
 func TestContext_Int64(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.Int64("myflagInt64", 12, "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Int64("top-flag", 13, "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	c := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
 	expect(t, c.Int64("myflagInt64"), int64(12))
+	expect(t, c.Int64("top-flag"), int64(13))
 }
 
 func TestContext_Uint(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.Uint("myflagUint", uint(13), "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Uint("top-flag", uint(14), "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	c := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
 	expect(t, c.Uint("myflagUint"), uint(13))
+	expect(t, c.Uint("top-flag"), uint(14))
 }
 
 func TestContext_Uint64(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.Uint64("myflagUint64", uint64(9), "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Uint64("top-flag", uint64(10), "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	c := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
 	expect(t, c.Uint64("myflagUint64"), uint64(9))
-}
+	expect(t, c.Uint64("top-flag"), uint64(10))
-
-func TestContext_GlobalInt(t *testing.T) {
-	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	set.Int("myflag", 12, "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalInt("myflag"), 12)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalInt("nope"), 0)
-}
-
-func TestContext_GlobalInt64(t *testing.T) {
-	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	set.Int64("myflagInt64", 12, "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalInt64("myflagInt64"), int64(12))
-	expect(t, c.GlobalInt64("nope"), int64(0))
 }
 
 func TestContext_Float64(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.Float64("myflag", float64(17), "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Float64("top-flag", float64(18), "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	c := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
 	expect(t, c.Float64("myflag"), float64(17))
-}
+	expect(t, c.Float64("top-flag"), float64(18))
-
-func TestContext_GlobalFloat64(t *testing.T) {
-	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	set.Float64("myflag", float64(17), "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalFloat64("myflag"), float64(17))
-	expect(t, c.GlobalFloat64("nope"), float64(0))
 }
 
 func TestContext_Duration(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.Duration("myflag", 12*time.Second, "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
+
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Duration("top-flag", 13*time.Second, "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+
+	c := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
 	expect(t, c.Duration("myflag"), 12*time.Second)
+	expect(t, c.Duration("top-flag"), 13*time.Second)
 }
 
 func TestContext_String(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.String("myflag", "hello world", "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.String("top-flag", "hai veld", "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	c := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
 	expect(t, c.String("myflag"), "hello world")
+	expect(t, c.String("top-flag"), "hai veld")
+}
+
+func TestContext_Path(t *testing.T) {
+	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	set.String("path", "path/to/file", "path to file")
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.String("top-path", "path/to/top/file", "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	c := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
+	expect(t, c.Path("path"), "path/to/file")
+	expect(t, c.Path("top-path"), "path/to/top/file")
 }
 
 func TestContext_Bool(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.Bool("myflag", false, "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Bool("top-flag", true, "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	c := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
 	expect(t, c.Bool("myflag"), false)
-}
+	expect(t, c.Bool("top-flag"), true)
-
-func TestContext_BoolT(t *testing.T) {
-	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	set.Bool("myflag", true, "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
-	expect(t, c.BoolT("myflag"), true)
-}
-
-func TestContext_GlobalBool(t *testing.T) {
-	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-
-	globalSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test-global", 0)
-	globalSet.Bool("myflag", false, "doc")
-	globalCtx := NewContext(nil, globalSet, nil)
-
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, globalCtx)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalBool("myflag"), false)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalBool("nope"), false)
-}
-
-func TestContext_GlobalBoolT(t *testing.T) {
-	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-
-	globalSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test-global", 0)
-	globalSet.Bool("myflag", true, "doc")
-	globalCtx := NewContext(nil, globalSet, nil)
-
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, globalCtx)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalBoolT("myflag"), true)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalBoolT("nope"), false)
 }
 
 func TestContext_Args(t *testing.T) {
@@ -154,7 +141,7 @@ func TestContext_Args(t *testing.T) {
 	set.Bool("myflag", false, "doc")
 	c := NewContext(nil, set, nil)
 	_ = set.Parse([]string{"--myflag", "bat", "baz"})
-	expect(t, len(c.Args()), 2)
+	expect(t, c.Args().Len(), 2)
 	expect(t, c.Bool("myflag"), true)
 }
 
@@ -168,18 +155,22 @@ func TestContext_NArg(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestContext_IsSet(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	set.Bool("myflag", false, "doc")
+	set.Bool("one-flag", false, "doc")
-	set.String("otherflag", "hello world", "doc")
+	set.Bool("two-flag", false, "doc")
-	globalSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	set.String("three-flag", "hello world", "doc")
-	globalSet.Bool("myflagGlobal", true, "doc")
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	globalCtx := NewContext(nil, globalSet, nil)
+	parentSet.Bool("top-flag", true, "doc")
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, globalCtx)
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
-	_ = set.Parse([]string{"--myflag", "bat", "baz"})
+	ctx := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
-	_ = globalSet.Parse([]string{"--myflagGlobal", "bat", "baz"})
+
-	expect(t, c.IsSet("myflag"), true)
+	_ = set.Parse([]string{"--one-flag", "--two-flag", "--three-flag", "frob"})
-	expect(t, c.IsSet("otherflag"), false)
+	_ = parentSet.Parse([]string{"--top-flag"})
-	expect(t, c.IsSet("bogusflag"), false)
+
-	expect(t, c.IsSet("myflagGlobal"), false)
+	expect(t, ctx.IsSet("one-flag"), true)
+	expect(t, ctx.IsSet("two-flag"), true)
+	expect(t, ctx.IsSet("three-flag"), true)
+	expect(t, ctx.IsSet("top-flag"), true)
+	expect(t, ctx.IsSet("bogus"), false)
 }
 
 // XXX Corresponds to hack in context.IsSet for flags with EnvVar field
@@ -192,15 +183,15 @@ func TestContext_IsSet_fromEnv(t *testing.T) {
 		unparsableIsSet, uIsSet bool
 	)
 
-	clearenv()
+	os.Clearenv()
 	_ = os.Setenv("APP_TIMEOUT_SECONDS", "15.5")
 	_ = os.Setenv("APP_PASSWORD", "")
 	a := App{
 		Flags: []Flag{
-			Float64Flag{Name: "timeout, t", EnvVar: "APP_TIMEOUT_SECONDS"},
+			&Float64Flag{Name: "timeout", Aliases: []string{"t"}, EnvVars: []string{"APP_TIMEOUT_SECONDS"}},
-			StringFlag{Name: "password, p", EnvVar: "APP_PASSWORD"},
+			&StringFlag{Name: "password", Aliases: []string{"p"}, EnvVars: []string{"APP_PASSWORD"}},
-			Float64Flag{Name: "unparsable, u", EnvVar: "APP_UNPARSABLE"},
+			&Float64Flag{Name: "unparsable", Aliases: []string{"u"}, EnvVars: []string{"APP_UNPARSABLE"}},
-			Float64Flag{Name: "no-env-var, n"},
+			&Float64Flag{Name: "no-env-var", Aliases: []string{"n"}},
 		},
 		Action: func(ctx *Context) error {
 			timeoutIsSet = ctx.IsSet("timeout")
@@ -228,94 +219,6 @@ func TestContext_IsSet_fromEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	expect(t, uIsSet, false)
 }
 
-func TestContext_GlobalIsSet(t *testing.T) {
-	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	set.Bool("myflag", false, "doc")
-	set.String("otherflag", "hello world", "doc")
-	globalSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	globalSet.Bool("myflagGlobal", true, "doc")
-	globalSet.Bool("myflagGlobalUnset", true, "doc")
-	globalCtx := NewContext(nil, globalSet, nil)
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, globalCtx)
-	_ = set.Parse([]string{"--myflag", "bat", "baz"})
-	_ = globalSet.Parse([]string{"--myflagGlobal", "bat", "baz"})
-	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("myflag"), false)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("otherflag"), false)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("bogusflag"), false)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("myflagGlobal"), true)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("myflagGlobalUnset"), false)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("bogusGlobal"), false)
-}
-
-// XXX Corresponds to hack in context.IsSet for flags with EnvVar field
-// Should be moved to `flag_test` in v2
-func TestContext_GlobalIsSet_fromEnv(t *testing.T) {
-	var (
-		timeoutIsSet, tIsSet    bool
-		noEnvVarIsSet, nIsSet   bool
-		passwordIsSet, pIsSet   bool
-		passwordValue           string
-		unparsableIsSet, uIsSet bool
-		overrideIsSet, oIsSet   bool
-		overrideValue           string
-	)
-
-	clearenv()
-	_ = os.Setenv("APP_TIMEOUT_SECONDS", "15.5")
-	_ = os.Setenv("APP_PASSWORD", "badpass")
-	_ = os.Setenv("APP_OVERRIDE", "overridden")
-	a := App{
-		Flags: []Flag{
-			Float64Flag{Name: "timeout, t", EnvVar: "APP_TIMEOUT_SECONDS"},
-			StringFlag{Name: "password, p", EnvVar: "APP_PASSWORD"},
-			Float64Flag{Name: "no-env-var, n"},
-			Float64Flag{Name: "unparsable, u", EnvVar: "APP_UNPARSABLE"},
-			StringFlag{Name: "overrides-default, o", Value: "default", EnvVar: "APP_OVERRIDE"},
-		},
-		Commands: []Command{
-			{
-				Name: "hello",
-				Action: func(ctx *Context) error {
-					timeoutIsSet = ctx.GlobalIsSet("timeout")
-					tIsSet = ctx.GlobalIsSet("t")
-					passwordIsSet = ctx.GlobalIsSet("password")
-					pIsSet = ctx.GlobalIsSet("p")
-					passwordValue = ctx.GlobalString("password")
-					unparsableIsSet = ctx.GlobalIsSet("unparsable")
-					uIsSet = ctx.GlobalIsSet("u")
-					noEnvVarIsSet = ctx.GlobalIsSet("no-env-var")
-					nIsSet = ctx.GlobalIsSet("n")
-					overrideIsSet = ctx.GlobalIsSet("overrides-default")
-					oIsSet = ctx.GlobalIsSet("o")
-					overrideValue = ctx.GlobalString("overrides-default")
-					return nil
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	if err := a.Run([]string{"run", "hello"}); err != nil {
-		t.Logf("error running Run(): %+v", err)
-	}
-	expect(t, timeoutIsSet, true)
-	expect(t, tIsSet, true)
-	expect(t, passwordIsSet, true)
-	expect(t, pIsSet, true)
-	expect(t, passwordValue, "badpass")
-	expect(t, unparsableIsSet, false)
-	expect(t, noEnvVarIsSet, false)
-	expect(t, nIsSet, false)
-	expect(t, overrideIsSet, true)
-	expect(t, oIsSet, true)
-	expect(t, overrideValue, "overridden")
-
-	_ = os.Setenv("APP_UNPARSABLE", "foobar")
-	if err := a.Run([]string{"run"}); err != nil {
-		t.Logf("error running Run(): %+v", err)
-	}
-	expect(t, unparsableIsSet, false)
-	expect(t, uIsSet, false)
-}
-
 func TestContext_NumFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.Bool("myflag", false, "doc")
@@ -329,62 +232,6 @@ func TestContext_NumFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	expect(t, c.NumFlags(), 2)
 }
 
-func TestContext_GlobalFlag(t *testing.T) {
-	var globalFlag string
-	var globalFlagSet bool
-	app := NewApp()
-	app.Flags = []Flag{
-		StringFlag{Name: "global, g", Usage: "global"},
-	}
-	app.Action = func(c *Context) error {
-		globalFlag = c.GlobalString("global")
-		globalFlagSet = c.GlobalIsSet("global")
-		return nil
-	}
-	_ = app.Run([]string{"command", "-g", "foo"})
-	expect(t, globalFlag, "foo")
-	expect(t, globalFlagSet, true)
-
-}
-
-func TestContext_GlobalFlagsInSubcommands(t *testing.T) {
-	subcommandRun := false
-	parentFlag := false
-	app := NewApp()
-
-	app.Flags = []Flag{
-		BoolFlag{Name: "debug, d", Usage: "Enable debugging"},
-	}
-
-	app.Commands = []Command{
-		{
-			Name: "foo",
-			Flags: []Flag{
-				BoolFlag{Name: "parent, p", Usage: "Parent flag"},
-			},
-			Subcommands: []Command{
-				{
-					Name: "bar",
-					Action: func(c *Context) error {
-						if c.GlobalBool("debug") {
-							subcommandRun = true
-						}
-						if c.GlobalBool("parent") {
-							parentFlag = true
-						}
-						return nil
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	_ = app.Run([]string{"command", "-d", "foo", "-p", "bar"})
-
-	expect(t, subcommandRun, true)
-	expect(t, parentFlag, true)
-}
-
 func TestContext_Set(t *testing.T) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	set.Int("int", 5, "an int")
@@ -396,25 +243,105 @@ func TestContext_Set(t *testing.T) {
 	expect(t, c.IsSet("int"), true)
 }
 
-func TestContext_GlobalSet(t *testing.T) {
+func TestContext_LocalFlagNames(t *testing.T) {
-	gSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	gSet.Int("int", 5, "an int")
+	set.Bool("one-flag", false, "doc")
+	set.String("two-flag", "hello world", "doc")
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Bool("top-flag", true, "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	ctx := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
+	_ = set.Parse([]string{"--one-flag", "--two-flag=foo"})
+	_ = parentSet.Parse([]string{"--top-flag"})
 
-	set := flag.NewFlagSet("sub", 0)
+	actualFlags := ctx.LocalFlagNames()
-	set.Int("int", 3, "an int")
+	sort.Strings(actualFlags)
 
-	pc := NewContext(nil, gSet, nil)
+	expect(t, actualFlags, []string{"one-flag", "two-flag"})
-	c := NewContext(nil, set, pc)
+}
 
-	_ = c.Set("int", "1")
+func TestContext_FlagNames(t *testing.T) {
-	expect(t, c.Int("int"), 1)
+	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-	expect(t, c.GlobalInt("int"), 5)
+	set.Bool("one-flag", false, "doc")
+	set.String("two-flag", "hello world", "doc")
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Bool("top-flag", true, "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	ctx := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
+	_ = set.Parse([]string{"--one-flag", "--two-flag=foo"})
+	_ = parentSet.Parse([]string{"--top-flag"})
 
-	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("int"), false)
+	actualFlags := ctx.FlagNames()
-	_ = c.GlobalSet("int", "1")
+	sort.Strings(actualFlags)
-	expect(t, c.Int("int"), 1)
+
-	expect(t, c.GlobalInt("int"), 1)
+	expect(t, actualFlags, []string{"one-flag", "top-flag", "two-flag"})
-	expect(t, c.GlobalIsSet("int"), true)
+}
+
+func TestContext_Lineage(t *testing.T) {
+	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	set.Bool("local-flag", false, "doc")
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Bool("top-flag", true, "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	ctx := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
+	_ = set.Parse([]string{"--local-flag"})
+	_ = parentSet.Parse([]string{"--top-flag"})
+
+	lineage := ctx.Lineage()
+	expect(t, len(lineage), 2)
+	expect(t, lineage[0], ctx)
+	expect(t, lineage[1], parentCtx)
+}
+
+func TestContext_lookupFlagSet(t *testing.T) {
+	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	set.Bool("local-flag", false, "doc")
+	parentSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
+	parentSet.Bool("top-flag", true, "doc")
+	parentCtx := NewContext(nil, parentSet, nil)
+	ctx := NewContext(nil, set, parentCtx)
+	_ = set.Parse([]string{"--local-flag"})
+	_ = parentSet.Parse([]string{"--top-flag"})
+
+	fs := lookupFlagSet("top-flag", ctx)
+	expect(t, fs, parentCtx.flagSet)
+
+	fs = lookupFlagSet("local-flag", ctx)
+	expect(t, fs, ctx.flagSet)
+
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet("frob", ctx); fs != nil {
+		t.Fail()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNonNilContext(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := NewContext(nil, nil, nil)
+	if ctx.Context == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a non nil context when no parent is present")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestContextPropagation tests that
+// *cli.Context always has a valid
+// context.Context
+func TestContextPropagation(t *testing.T) {
+	parent := NewContext(nil, nil, nil)
+	parent.Context = context.WithValue(context.Background(), "key", "val")
+	ctx := NewContext(nil, nil, parent)
+	val := ctx.Value("key")
+	if val == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a parent context to be inherited but got nil")
+	}
+	valstr, _ := val.(string)
+	if valstr != "val" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected the context value to be %q but got %q", "val", valstr)
+	}
+	parent = NewContext(nil, nil, nil)
+	parent.Context = nil
+	ctx = NewContext(nil, nil, parent)
+	if ctx.Context == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected context to not be nil even if the parent's context is nil")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestCheckRequiredFlags(t *testing.T) {
@@ -432,13 +359,13 @@ func TestCheckRequiredFlags(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			testCase: "optional",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "optionalFlag"},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "optionalFlag"},
 			},
 		},
 		{
 			testCase: "required",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
 			},
 			expectedAnError:       true,
 			expectedErrorContents: []string{"requiredFlag"},
@@ -446,30 +373,30 @@ func TestCheckRequiredFlags(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			testCase: "required_and_present",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
 			},
 			parseInput: []string{"--requiredFlag", "myinput"},
 		},
 		{
 			testCase: "required_and_present_via_env_var",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true, EnvVar: "REQUIRED_FLAG"},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true, EnvVars: []string{"REQUIRED_FLAG"}},
 			},
 			envVarInput: [2]string{"REQUIRED_FLAG", "true"},
 		},
 		{
 			testCase: "required_and_optional",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
-				StringFlag{Name: "optionalFlag"},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "optionalFlag"},
 			},
 			expectedAnError: true,
 		},
 		{
 			testCase: "required_and_optional_and_optional_present",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
-				StringFlag{Name: "optionalFlag"},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "optionalFlag"},
 			},
 			parseInput:      []string{"--optionalFlag", "myinput"},
 			expectedAnError: true,
@@ -477,8 +404,8 @@ func TestCheckRequiredFlags(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			testCase: "required_and_optional_and_optional_present_via_env_var",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
-				StringFlag{Name: "optionalFlag", EnvVar: "OPTIONAL_FLAG"},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "optionalFlag", EnvVars: []string{"OPTIONAL_FLAG"}},
 			},
 			envVarInput:     [2]string{"OPTIONAL_FLAG", "true"},
 			expectedAnError: true,
@@ -486,16 +413,16 @@ func TestCheckRequiredFlags(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			testCase: "required_and_optional_and_required_present",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
-				StringFlag{Name: "optionalFlag"},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "optionalFlag"},
 			},
 			parseInput: []string{"--requiredFlag", "myinput"},
 		},
 		{
 			testCase: "two_required",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlagOne", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlagOne", Required: true},
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlagTwo", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlagTwo", Required: true},
 			},
 			expectedAnError:       true,
 			expectedErrorContents: []string{"requiredFlagOne", "requiredFlagTwo"},
@@ -503,8 +430,8 @@ func TestCheckRequiredFlags(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			testCase: "two_required_and_one_present",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlagTwo", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlagTwo", Required: true},
 			},
 			parseInput:      []string{"--requiredFlag", "myinput"},
 			expectedAnError: true,
@@ -512,44 +439,47 @@ func TestCheckRequiredFlags(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			testCase: "two_required_and_both_present",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlag", Required: true},
-				StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlagTwo", Required: true},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "requiredFlagTwo", Required: true},
 			},
 			parseInput: []string{"--requiredFlag", "myinput", "--requiredFlagTwo", "myinput"},
 		},
 		{
 			testCase: "required_flag_with_short_name",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringSliceFlag{Name: "names, N", Required: true},
+				&StringSliceFlag{Name: "names", Aliases: []string{"N"}, Required: true},
 			},
 			parseInput: []string{"-N", "asd", "-N", "qwe"},
 		},
 		{
 			testCase: "required_flag_with_multiple_short_names",
 			flags: []Flag{
-				StringSliceFlag{Name: "names, N, n", Required: true},
+				&StringSliceFlag{Name: "names", Aliases: []string{"N", "n"}, Required: true},
 			},
 			parseInput: []string{"-n", "asd", "-n", "qwe"},
 		},
 	}
+
 	for _, test := range tdata {
 		t.Run(test.testCase, func(t *testing.T) {
 			// setup
-			set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-			for _, flags := range test.flags {
-				flags.Apply(set)
-			}
-			_ = set.Parse(test.parseInput)
 			if test.envVarInput[0] != "" {
 				os.Clearenv()
 				_ = os.Setenv(test.envVarInput[0], test.envVarInput[1])
 			}
-			ctx := &Context{}
+
-			context := NewContext(ctx.App, set, ctx)
+			set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
-			context.Command.Flags = test.flags
+			for _, flags := range test.flags {
+				_ = flags.Apply(set)
+			}
+			_ = set.Parse(test.parseInput)
+
+			c := &Context{}
+			ctx := NewContext(c.App, set, c)
+			ctx.Command.Flags = test.flags
 
 			// logic under test
-			err := checkRequiredFlags(test.flags, context)
+			err := checkRequiredFlags(test.flags, ctx)
 
 			// assertions
 			if test.expectedAnError && err == nil {
@@ -559,10 +489,12 @@ func TestCheckRequiredFlags(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Errorf("did not expected an error, but there was one: %s", err)
 			}
 			for _, errString := range test.expectedErrorContents {
+				if err != nil {
 					if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), errString) {
 						t.Errorf("expected error %q to contain %q, but it didn't!", err.Error(), errString)
 					}
 				}
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }

docs.go

@@ -53,10 +53,9 @@ func (a *App) writeDocTemplate(w io.Writer) error {
 	})
 }
 
-func prepareCommands(commands []Command, level int) []string {
+func prepareCommands(commands []*Command, level int) []string {
-	coms := []string{}
+	var coms []string
-	for i := range commands {
+	for _, command := range commands {
-		command := &commands[i]
 		if command.Hidden {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -110,7 +109,8 @@ func prepareFlags(
 			continue
 		}
 		modifiedArg := opener
-		for _, s := range strings.Split(flag.GetName(), ",") {
+
+		for _, s := range flag.Names() {
 			trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(s)
 			if len(modifiedArg) > len(opener) {
 				modifiedArg += sep

docs/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,7 +2,34 @@
 
 **ATTN**: This project uses [semantic versioning](http://semver.org/).
 
-## [Unreleased]
+## 2.0.0 - (unreleased 2.x series)
+### Added
+- `NewStringSlice` and `NewIntSlice` for creating their related types
+- `Float64SliceFlag` for unmarshaling a list of floats from the user
+- `Context.Lineage` to get all contexts from current up to global
+- `Context.LocalFlagNames` to get the flag names from *only* the current context
+- `BoolFlag.Value` to handle both default-false and default-true
+
+### Changed
+- `Context.FlagNames` now returns all flags in the context lineage
+- `Context.IsSet` now considers the full context lineage
+- Added `IsSet` method to the `Flag` interface which allows us to detect whether or not a flag has been set
+
+### Removed
+- the ability to specify `&StringSlice{...string}` or `&IntSlice{...int}`.
+- adapter code for deprecated `Action` func signature
+- deprecated `App.Author`, `App.Email`, and `Command.ShortName` fields
+- All `Context.Global*` methods, as the non-global versions now traverse up
+  the context lineage automatically.
+- `Context.Parent` method, as this is now available via `Context.Lineage`
+- `BoolTFlag` and related code, as this is now available via `BoolFlag.Value`
+
+## [Unreleased] - (1.x series)
+### Added
+
+### Changed
+
+### Removed
 
 ## [1.22.1] - 2019-09-11
 

docs_test.go

@@ -9,38 +9,43 @@ func testApp() *App {
 	app := NewApp()
 	app.Name = "greet"
 	app.Flags = []Flag{
-		StringFlag{
+		&StringFlag{
-			Name:      "socket, s",
+			Name:      "socket",
+			Aliases:   []string{"s"},
 			Usage:     "some 'usage' text",
 			Value:     "value",
 			TakesFile: true,
 		},
-		StringFlag{Name: "flag, fl, f"},
+		&StringFlag{Name: "flag", Aliases: []string{"fl", "f"}},
-		BoolFlag{
+		&BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "another-flag, b",
+			Name:    "another-flag",
+			Aliases: []string{"b"},
 			Usage:   "another usage text",
 		},
 	}
-	app.Commands = []Command{{
+	app.Commands = []*Command{{
 		Aliases: []string{"c"},
 		Flags: []Flag{
-			StringFlag{
+			&StringFlag{
-				Name:      "flag, fl, f",
+				Name:      "flag",
+				Aliases:   []string{"fl", "f"},
 				TakesFile: true,
 			},
-			BoolFlag{
+			&BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "another-flag, b",
+				Name:    "another-flag",
+				Aliases: []string{"b"},
 				Usage:   "another usage text",
 			},
 		},
 		Name:  "config",
 		Usage: "another usage test",
-		Subcommands: []Command{{
+		Subcommands: []*Command{{
 			Aliases: []string{"s", "ss"},
 			Flags: []Flag{
-				StringFlag{Name: "sub-flag, sub-fl, s"},
+				&StringFlag{Name: "sub-flag", Aliases: []string{"sub-fl", "s"}},
-				BoolFlag{
+				&BoolFlag{
-					Name:  "sub-command-flag, s",
+					Name:    "sub-command-flag",
+					Aliases: []string{"s"},
 					Usage:   "some usage text",
 				},
 			},
@@ -59,9 +64,7 @@ func testApp() *App {
 	}}
 	app.UsageText = "app [first_arg] [second_arg]"
 	app.Usage = "Some app"
-	app.Author = "Harrison"
+	app.Authors = []*Author{{Name: "Harrison", Email: "harrison@lolwut.com"}}
-	app.Email = "harrison@lolwut.com"
-	app.Authors = []Author{{Name: "Oliver Allen", Email: "oliver@toyshop.com"}}
 	return app
 }
 

errors.go

@@ -15,25 +15,39 @@ var OsExiter = os.Exit
 var ErrWriter io.Writer = os.Stderr
 
 // MultiError is an error that wraps multiple errors.
-type MultiError struct {
+type MultiError interface {
-	Errors []error
+	error
+	// Errors returns a copy of the errors slice
+	Errors() []error
 }
 
 // NewMultiError creates a new MultiError. Pass in one or more errors.
-func NewMultiError(err ...error) MultiError {
+func newMultiError(err ...error) MultiError {
-	return MultiError{Errors: err}
+	ret := multiError(err)
+	return &ret
 }
 
+type multiError []error
+
 // Error implements the error interface.
-func (m MultiError) Error() string {
+func (m *multiError) Error() string {
-	errs := make([]string, len(m.Errors))
+	errs := make([]string, len(*m))
-	for i, err := range m.Errors {
+	for i, err := range *m {
 		errs[i] = err.Error()
 	}
 
 	return strings.Join(errs, "\n")
 }
 
+// Errors returns a copy of the errors slice
+func (m *multiError) Errors() []error {
+	errs := make([]error, len(*m))
+	for _, err := range *m {
+		errs = append(errs, err)
+	}
+	return errs
+}
+
 type ErrorFormatter interface {
 	Format(s fmt.State, verb rune)
 }
@@ -45,29 +59,30 @@ type ExitCoder interface {
 	ExitCode() int
 }
 
-// ExitError fulfills both the builtin `error` interface and `ExitCoder`
+type exitError struct {
-type ExitError struct {
 	exitCode int
 	message  interface{}
 }
 
-// NewExitError makes a new *ExitError
+// NewExitError makes a new *exitError
-func NewExitError(message interface{}, exitCode int) *ExitError {
+func NewExitError(message interface{}, exitCode int) ExitCoder {
-	return &ExitError{
+	return Exit(message, exitCode)
-		exitCode: exitCode,
+}
+
+// Exit wraps a message and exit code into an ExitCoder suitable for handling by
+// HandleExitCoder
+func Exit(message interface{}, exitCode int) ExitCoder {
+	return &exitError{
 		message:  message,
+		exitCode: exitCode,
 	}
 }
 
-// Error returns the string message, fulfilling the interface required by
+func (ee *exitError) Error() string {
-// `error`
-func (ee *ExitError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", ee.message)
 }
 
-// ExitCode returns the exit code, fulfilling the interface required by
+func (ee *exitError) ExitCode() int {
-// `ExitCoder`
-func (ee *ExitError) ExitCode() int {
 	return ee.exitCode
 }
 
@@ -83,9 +98,9 @@ func HandleExitCoder(err error) {
 	if exitErr, ok := err.(ExitCoder); ok {
 		if err.Error() != "" {
 			if _, ok := exitErr.(ErrorFormatter); ok {
-				fmt.Fprintf(ErrWriter, "%+v\n", err)
+				_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(ErrWriter, "%+v\n", err)
 			} else {
-				fmt.Fprintln(ErrWriter, err)
+				_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(ErrWriter, err)
 			}
 		}
 		OsExiter(exitErr.ExitCode())
@@ -101,10 +116,10 @@ func HandleExitCoder(err error) {
 
 func handleMultiError(multiErr MultiError) int {
 	code := 1
-	for _, merr := range multiErr.Errors {
+	for _, merr := range multiErr.Errors() {
 		if multiErr2, ok := merr.(MultiError); ok {
 			code = handleMultiError(multiErr2)
-		} else {
+		} else if merr != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintln(ErrWriter, merr)
 			if exitErr, ok := merr.(ExitCoder); ok {
 				code = exitErr.ExitCode()

errors_test.go

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func TestHandleExitCoder_ExitCoder(t *testing.T) {
 
 	defer func() { OsExiter = fakeOsExiter }()
 
-	HandleExitCoder(NewExitError("galactic perimeter breach", 9))
+	HandleExitCoder(Exit("galactic perimeter breach", 9))
 
 	expect(t, exitCode, 9)
 	expect(t, called, true)
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ func TestHandleExitCoder_MultiErrorWithExitCoder(t *testing.T) {
 
 	defer func() { OsExiter = fakeOsExiter }()
 
-	exitErr := NewExitError("galactic perimeter breach", 9)
+	exitErr := Exit("galactic perimeter breach", 9)
-	exitErr2 := NewExitError("last ExitCoder", 11)
+	exitErr2 := Exit("last ExitCoder", 11)
-	err := NewMultiError(errors.New("wowsa"), errors.New("egad"), exitErr, exitErr2)
+	err := newMultiError(errors.New("wowsa"), errors.New("egad"), exitErr, exitErr2)
 	HandleExitCoder(err)
 
 	expect(t, exitCode, 11)
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func TestHandleExitCoder_ErrorWithFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		ErrWriter = fakeErrWriter
 	}()
 
-	err := NewExitError(NewErrorWithFormat("I am formatted"), 1)
+	err := Exit(NewErrorWithFormat("I am formatted"), 1)
 	HandleExitCoder(err)
 
 	expect(t, called, true)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func TestHandleExitCoder_MultiErrorWithFormat(t *testing.T) {
 
 	defer func() { OsExiter = fakeOsExiter }()
 
-	err := NewMultiError(NewErrorWithFormat("err1"), NewErrorWithFormat("err2"))
+	err := newMultiError(NewErrorWithFormat("err1"), NewErrorWithFormat("err2"))
 	HandleExitCoder(err)
 
 	expect(t, called, true)

fish.go

@@ -64,11 +64,9 @@ func (a *App) writeFishCompletionTemplate(w io.Writer) error {
 	})
 }
 
-func (a *App) prepareFishCommands(commands []Command, allCommands *[]string, previousCommands []string) []string {
+func (a *App) prepareFishCommands(commands []*Command, allCommands *[]string, previousCommands []string) []string {
 	completions := []string{}
-	for i := range commands {
+	for _, command := range commands {
-		command := &commands[i]
-
 		if command.Hidden {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -131,7 +129,7 @@ func (a *App) prepareFishFlags(flags []Flag, previousCommands []string) []string
 
 		fishAddFileFlag(f, completion)
 
-		for idx, opt := range strings.Split(flag.GetName(), ",") {
+		for idx, opt := range flag.Names() {
 			if idx == 0 {
 				completion.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(
 					" -l %s", strings.TrimSpace(opt),
@@ -161,15 +159,15 @@ func (a *App) prepareFishFlags(flags []Flag, previousCommands []string) []string
 
 func fishAddFileFlag(flag Flag, completion *strings.Builder) {
 	switch f := flag.(type) {
-	case GenericFlag:
+	case *GenericFlag:
 		if f.TakesFile {
 			return
 		}
-	case StringFlag:
+	case *StringFlag:
 		if f.TakesFile {
 			return
 		}
-	case StringSliceFlag:
+	case *StringSliceFlag:
 		if f.TakesFile {
 			return
 		}

flag.go

@@ -5,31 +5,41 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"reflect"
+	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
+	"time"
 )
 
 const defaultPlaceholder = "value"
 
+var (
+	slPfx = fmt.Sprintf("sl:::%d:::", time.Now().UTC().UnixNano())
+
+	commaWhitespace = regexp.MustCompile("[, ]+.*")
+)
+
 // BashCompletionFlag enables bash-completion for all commands and subcommands
-var BashCompletionFlag Flag = BoolFlag{
+var BashCompletionFlag Flag = &BoolFlag{
 	Name:   "generate-bash-completion",
 	Hidden: true,
 }
 
 // VersionFlag prints the version for the application
-var VersionFlag Flag = BoolFlag{
+var VersionFlag Flag = &BoolFlag{
-	Name:  "version, v",
+	Name:    "version",
+	Aliases: []string{"v"},
 	Usage:   "print the version",
 }
 
-// HelpFlag prints the help for all commands and subcommands
+// HelpFlag prints the help for all commands and subcommands.
-// Set to the zero value (BoolFlag{}) to disable flag -- keeps subcommand
+// Set to nil to disable the flag.  The subcommand
-// unless HideHelp is set to true)
+// will still be added unless HideHelp is set to true.
-var HelpFlag Flag = BoolFlag{
+var HelpFlag Flag = &BoolFlag{
-	Name:  "help, h",
+	Name:    "help",
+	Aliases: []string{"h"},
 	Usage:   "show help",
 }
 
@@ -37,6 +47,11 @@ var HelpFlag Flag = BoolFlag{
 // to display a flag.
 var FlagStringer FlagStringFunc = stringifyFlag
 
+// Serializer is used to circumvent the limitations of flag.FlagSet.Set
+type Serializer interface {
+	Serialize() string
+}
+
 // FlagNamePrefixer converts a full flag name and its placeholder into the help
 // message flag prefix. This is used by the default FlagStringer.
 var FlagNamePrefixer FlagNamePrefixFunc = prefixedNames
@@ -57,7 +72,12 @@ func (f FlagsByName) Len() int {
 }
 
 func (f FlagsByName) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	return lexicographicLess(f[i].GetName(), f[j].GetName())
+	if len(f[j].Names()) == 0 {
+		return false
+	} else if len(f[i].Names()) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	return lexicographicLess(f[i].Names()[0], f[j].Names()[0])
 }
 
 func (f FlagsByName) Swap(i, j int) {
@@ -70,8 +90,9 @@ func (f FlagsByName) Swap(i, j int) {
 type Flag interface {
 	fmt.Stringer
 	// Apply Flag settings to the given flag set
-	Apply(*flag.FlagSet)
+	Apply(*flag.FlagSet) error
-	GetName() string
+	Names() []string
+	IsSet() bool
 }
 
 // RequiredFlag is an interface that allows us to mark flags as required
@@ -97,40 +118,18 @@ type DocGenerationFlag interface {
 	GetValue() string
 }
 
-// errorableFlag is an interface that allows us to return errors during apply
-// it allows flags defined in this library to return errors in a fashion backwards compatible
-// TODO remove in v2 and modify the existing Flag interface to return errors
-type errorableFlag interface {
-	Flag
-
-	ApplyWithError(*flag.FlagSet) error
-}
-
 func flagSet(name string, flags []Flag) (*flag.FlagSet, error) {
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet(name, flag.ContinueOnError)
 
 	for _, f := range flags {
-		//TODO remove in v2 when errorableFlag is removed
+		if err := f.Apply(set); err != nil {
-		if ef, ok := f.(errorableFlag); ok {
-			if err := ef.ApplyWithError(set); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		} else {
-			f.Apply(set)
-		}
 	}
 	set.SetOutput(ioutil.Discard)
 	return set, nil
 }
 
-func eachName(longName string, fn func(string)) {
-	parts := strings.Split(longName, ",")
-	for _, name := range parts {
-		name = strings.Trim(name, " ")
-		fn(name)
-	}
-}
-
 func visibleFlags(fl []Flag) []Flag {
 	var visible []Flag
 	for _, f := range fl {
@@ -169,25 +168,27 @@ func unquoteUsage(usage string) (string, string) {
 	return "", usage
 }
 
-func prefixedNames(fullName, placeholder string) string {
+func prefixedNames(names []string, placeholder string) string {
 	var prefixed string
-	parts := strings.Split(fullName, ",")
+	for i, name := range names {
-	for i, name := range parts {
+		if name == "" {
-		name = strings.Trim(name, " ")
+			continue
+		}
+
 		prefixed += prefixFor(name) + name
 		if placeholder != "" {
 			prefixed += " " + placeholder
 		}
-		if i < len(parts)-1 {
+		if i < len(names)-1 {
 			prefixed += ", "
 		}
 	}
 	return prefixed
 }
 
-func withEnvHint(envVar, str string) string {
+func withEnvHint(envVars []string, str string) string {
 	envText := ""
-	if envVar != "" {
+	if envVars != nil && len(envVars) > 0 {
 		prefix := "$"
 		suffix := ""
 		sep := ", $"
@@ -196,11 +197,51 @@ func withEnvHint(envVar, str string) string {
 			suffix = "%"
 			sep = "%, %"
 		}
-		envText = " [" + prefix + strings.Join(strings.Split(envVar, ","), sep) + suffix + "]"
+
+		envText = fmt.Sprintf(" [%s%s%s]", prefix, strings.Join(envVars, sep), suffix)
 	}
 	return str + envText
 }
 
+func flagNames(f Flag) []string {
+	var ret []string
+
+	name := flagStringField(f, "Name")
+	aliases := flagStringSliceField(f, "Aliases")
+
+	for _, part := range append([]string{name}, aliases...) {
+		// v1 -> v2 migration warning zone:
+		// Strip off anything after the first found comma or space, which
+		// *hopefully* makes it a tiny bit more obvious that unexpected behavior is
+		// caused by using the v1 form of stringly typed "Name".
+		ret = append(ret, commaWhitespace.ReplaceAllString(part, ""))
+	}
+
+	return ret
+}
+
+func flagStringSliceField(f Flag, name string) []string {
+	fv := flagValue(f)
+	field := fv.FieldByName(name)
+
+	if field.IsValid() {
+		return field.Interface().([]string)
+	}
+
+	return []string{}
+}
+
+func flagStringField(f Flag, name string) string {
+	fv := flagValue(f)
+	field := fv.FieldByName(name)
+
+	if field.IsValid() {
+		return field.String()
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
 func withFileHint(filePath, str string) string {
 	fileText := ""
 	if filePath != "" {
@@ -221,39 +262,27 @@ func stringifyFlag(f Flag) string {
 	fv := flagValue(f)
 
 	switch f.(type) {
-	case IntSliceFlag:
+	case *IntSliceFlag:
-		return FlagFileHinter(
+		return withEnvHint(flagStringSliceField(f, "EnvVars"),
-			fv.FieldByName("FilePath").String(),
+			stringifyIntSliceFlag(f.(*IntSliceFlag)))
-			FlagEnvHinter(
+	case *Int64SliceFlag:
-				fv.FieldByName("EnvVar").String(),
+		return withEnvHint(flagStringSliceField(f, "EnvVars"),
-				stringifyIntSliceFlag(f.(IntSliceFlag)),
+			stringifyInt64SliceFlag(f.(*Int64SliceFlag)))
-			),
+	case *Float64SliceFlag:
-		)
+		return withEnvHint(flagStringSliceField(f, "EnvVars"),
-	case Int64SliceFlag:
+			stringifyFloat64SliceFlag(f.(*Float64SliceFlag)))
-		return FlagFileHinter(
+	case *StringSliceFlag:
-			fv.FieldByName("FilePath").String(),
+		return withEnvHint(flagStringSliceField(f, "EnvVars"),
-			FlagEnvHinter(
+			stringifyStringSliceFlag(f.(*StringSliceFlag)))
-				fv.FieldByName("EnvVar").String(),
-				stringifyInt64SliceFlag(f.(Int64SliceFlag)),
-			),
-		)
-	case StringSliceFlag:
-		return FlagFileHinter(
-			fv.FieldByName("FilePath").String(),
-			FlagEnvHinter(
-				fv.FieldByName("EnvVar").String(),
-				stringifyStringSliceFlag(f.(StringSliceFlag)),
-			),
-		)
 	}
 
 	placeholder, usage := unquoteUsage(fv.FieldByName("Usage").String())
 
 	needsPlaceholder := false
 	defaultValueString := ""
-
+	val := fv.FieldByName("Value")
-	if val := fv.FieldByName("Value"); val.IsValid() {
+	if val.IsValid() {
-		needsPlaceholder = true
+		needsPlaceholder = val.Kind() != reflect.Bool
 		defaultValueString = fmt.Sprintf(" (default: %v)", val.Interface())
 
 		if val.Kind() == reflect.String && val.String() != "" {
@@ -261,6 +290,12 @@ func stringifyFlag(f Flag) string {
 		}
 	}
 
+	helpText := fv.FieldByName("DefaultText")
+	if helpText.IsValid() && helpText.String() != "" {
+		needsPlaceholder = val.Kind() != reflect.Bool
+		defaultValueString = fmt.Sprintf(" (default: %s)", helpText.String())
+	}
+
 	if defaultValueString == " (default: )" {
 		defaultValueString = ""
 	}
@@ -271,16 +306,11 @@ func stringifyFlag(f Flag) string {
 
 	usageWithDefault := strings.TrimSpace(usage + defaultValueString)
 
-	return FlagFileHinter(
+	return withEnvHint(flagStringSliceField(f, "EnvVars"),
-		fv.FieldByName("FilePath").String(),
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s", prefixedNames(f.Names(), placeholder), usageWithDefault))
-		FlagEnvHinter(
-			fv.FieldByName("EnvVar").String(),
-			FlagNamePrefixer(fv.FieldByName("Name").String(), placeholder)+"\t"+usageWithDefault,
-		),
-	)
 }
 
-func stringifyIntSliceFlag(f IntSliceFlag) string {
+func stringifyIntSliceFlag(f *IntSliceFlag) string {
 	var defaultVals []string
 	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
 		for _, i := range f.Value.Value() {
@@ -288,10 +318,10 @@ func stringifyIntSliceFlag(f IntSliceFlag) string {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Name, defaultVals)
+	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Names(), defaultVals)
 }
 
-func stringifyInt64SliceFlag(f Int64SliceFlag) string {
+func stringifyInt64SliceFlag(f *Int64SliceFlag) string {
 	var defaultVals []string
 	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
 		for _, i := range f.Value.Value() {
@@ -299,10 +329,22 @@ func stringifyInt64SliceFlag(f Int64SliceFlag) string {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Name, defaultVals)
+	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Names(), defaultVals)
 }
 
-func stringifyStringSliceFlag(f StringSliceFlag) string {
+func stringifyFloat64SliceFlag(f *Float64SliceFlag) string {
+	var defaultVals []string
+
+	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
+		for _, i := range f.Value.Value() {
+			defaultVals = append(defaultVals, strings.TrimRight(strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%f", i), "0"), "."))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Names(), defaultVals)
+}
+
+func stringifyStringSliceFlag(f *StringSliceFlag) string {
 	var defaultVals []string
 	if f.Value != nil && len(f.Value.Value()) > 0 {
 		for _, s := range f.Value.Value() {
@@ -312,10 +354,10 @@ func stringifyStringSliceFlag(f StringSliceFlag) string {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Name, defaultVals)
+	return stringifySliceFlag(f.Usage, f.Names(), defaultVals)
 }
 
-func stringifySliceFlag(usage, name string, defaultVals []string) string {
+func stringifySliceFlag(usage string, names, defaultVals []string) string {
 	placeholder, usage := unquoteUsage(usage)
 	if placeholder == "" {
 		placeholder = defaultPlaceholder
@@ -326,15 +368,25 @@ func stringifySliceFlag(usage, name string, defaultVals []string) string {
 		defaultVal = fmt.Sprintf(" (default: %s)", strings.Join(defaultVals, ", "))
 	}
 
-	usageWithDefault := strings.TrimSpace(usage + defaultVal)
+	usageWithDefault := strings.TrimSpace(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", usage, defaultVal))
-	return FlagNamePrefixer(name, placeholder) + "\t" + usageWithDefault
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s\t%s", prefixedNames(names, placeholder), usageWithDefault)
 }
 
-func flagFromFileEnv(filePath, envName string) (val string, ok bool) {
+func hasFlag(flags []Flag, fl Flag) bool {
-	for _, envVar := range strings.Split(envName, ",") {
+	for _, existing := range flags {
+		if fl == existing {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func flagFromEnvOrFile(envVars []string, filePath string) (val string, ok bool) {
+	for _, envVar := range envVars {
 		envVar = strings.TrimSpace(envVar)
-		if envVal, ok := syscall.Getenv(envVar); ok {
+		if val, ok := syscall.Getenv(envVar); ok {
-			return envVal, true
+			return val, true
 		}
 	}
 	for _, fileVar := range strings.Split(filePath, ",") {

flag_bool.go

@@ -9,93 +9,90 @@ import (
 // BoolFlag is a flag with type bool
 type BoolFlag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar      string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
+	Value       bool
+	DefaultText string
 	Destination *bool
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *BoolFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f BoolFlag) String() string {
+func (f *BoolFlag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f BoolFlag) GetName() string {
+func (f *BoolFlag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f BoolFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *BoolFlag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f BoolFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *BoolFlag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
 // GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f BoolFlag) GetUsage() string {
+func (f *BoolFlag) GetUsage() string {
 	return f.Usage
 }
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f BoolFlag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *BoolFlag) GetValue() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
+func (f *BoolFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
+		if val != "" {
+			valBool, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as bool value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
+			}
+
+			f.Value = valBool
+			f.HasBeenSet = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
+		if f.Destination != nil {
+			set.BoolVar(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
+			continue
+		}
+		set.Bool(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Bool looks up the value of a local BoolFlag, returns
 // false if not found
 func (c *Context) Bool(name string) bool {
-	return lookupBool(name, c.flagSet)
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-}
-
-// GlobalBool looks up the value of a global BoolFlag, returns
-// false if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalBool(name string) bool {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupBool(name, fs)
 	}
 	return false
 }
 
-// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
-func (f BoolFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-func (f BoolFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	val := false
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
-		if envVal == "" {
-			val = false
-		} else {
-			envValBool, err := strconv.ParseBool(envVal)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as bool value for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
-			}
-			val = envValBool
-		}
-	}
-
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
-		if f.Destination != nil {
-			set.BoolVar(f.Destination, name, val, f.Usage)
-			return
-		}
-		set.Bool(name, val, f.Usage)
-	})
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func lookupBool(name string, set *flag.FlagSet) bool {
 	f := set.Lookup(name)
 	if f != nil {

flag_bool_t.go

@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"strconv"
-)
-
-// BoolTFlag is a flag with type bool that is true by default
-type BoolTFlag struct {
-	Name        string
-	Usage       string
-	EnvVar      string
-	FilePath    string
-	Required    bool
-	Hidden      bool
-	Destination *bool
-}
-
-// String returns a readable representation of this value
-// (for usage defaults)
-func (f BoolTFlag) String() string {
-	return FlagStringer(f)
-}
-
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
-func (f BoolTFlag) GetName() string {
-	return f.Name
-}
-
-// IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f BoolTFlag) IsRequired() bool {
-	return f.Required
-}
-
-// TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f BoolTFlag) TakesValue() bool {
-	return false
-}
-
-// GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f BoolTFlag) GetUsage() string {
-	return f.Usage
-}
-
-// GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
-// string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f BoolTFlag) GetValue() string {
-	return ""
-}
-
-// BoolT looks up the value of a local BoolTFlag, returns
-// false if not found
-func (c *Context) BoolT(name string) bool {
-	return lookupBoolT(name, c.flagSet)
-}
-
-// GlobalBoolT looks up the value of a global BoolTFlag, returns
-// false if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalBoolT(name string) bool {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-		return lookupBoolT(name, fs)
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
-func (f BoolTFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-func (f BoolTFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	val := true
-
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
-		if envVal == "" {
-			val = false
-		} else {
-			envValBool, err := strconv.ParseBool(envVal)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as bool value for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
-			}
-			val = envValBool
-		}
-	}
-
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
-		if f.Destination != nil {
-			set.BoolVar(f.Destination, name, val, f.Usage)
-			return
-		}
-		set.Bool(name, val, f.Usage)
-	})
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func lookupBoolT(name string, set *flag.FlagSet) bool {
-	f := set.Lookup(name)
-	if f != nil {
-		parsed, err := strconv.ParseBool(f.Value.String())
-		if err != nil {
-			return false
-		}
-		return parsed
-	}
-	return false
-}

flag_duration.go

@@ -9,90 +9,89 @@ import (
 // DurationFlag is a flag with type time.Duration (see https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ParseDuration)
 type DurationFlag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar      string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	Value       time.Duration
+	DefaultText string
 	Destination *time.Duration
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *DurationFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f DurationFlag) String() string {
+func (f *DurationFlag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f DurationFlag) GetName() string {
+func (f *DurationFlag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f DurationFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *DurationFlag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f DurationFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *DurationFlag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
 // GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f DurationFlag) GetUsage() string {
+func (f *DurationFlag) GetUsage() string {
 	return f.Usage
 }
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f DurationFlag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *DurationFlag) GetValue() string {
 	return f.Value.String()
 }
 
+// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
+func (f *DurationFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
+		if val != "" {
+			valDuration, err := time.ParseDuration(val)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as duration value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
+			}
+
+			f.Value = valDuration
+			f.HasBeenSet = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
+		if f.Destination != nil {
+			set.DurationVar(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
+			continue
+		}
+		set.Duration(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Duration looks up the value of a local DurationFlag, returns
 // 0 if not found
 func (c *Context) Duration(name string) time.Duration {
-	return lookupDuration(name, c.flagSet)
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-}
-
-// GlobalDuration looks up the value of a global DurationFlag, returns
-// 0 if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalDuration(name string) time.Duration {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupDuration(name, fs)
 	}
 	return 0
 }
 
-// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
-func (f DurationFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-func (f DurationFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
-		envValDuration, err := time.ParseDuration(envVal)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as duration for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
-		}
-
-		f.Value = envValDuration
-	}
-
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
-		if f.Destination != nil {
-			set.DurationVar(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-			return
-		}
-		set.Duration(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-	})
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func lookupDuration(name string, set *flag.FlagSet) time.Duration {
 	f := set.Lookup(name)
 	if f != nil {

flag_float64.go

@@ -9,90 +9,90 @@ import (
 // Float64Flag is a flag with type float64
 type Float64Flag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar      string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	Value       float64
+	DefaultText string
 	Destination *float64
+	HasBeenSet bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *Float64Flag)IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f Float64Flag) String() string {
+func (f *Float64Flag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f Float64Flag) GetName() string {
+func (f *Float64Flag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f Float64Flag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *Float64Flag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f Float64Flag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *Float64Flag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
 // GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f Float64Flag) GetUsage() string {
+func (f *Float64Flag) GetUsage() string {
 	return f.Usage
 }
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f Float64Flag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *Float64Flag) GetValue() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%f", f.Value)
 }
 
+// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
+func (f *Float64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
+		if val != "" {
+			valFloat, err := strconv.ParseFloat(val, 10)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as float64 value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
+			}
+
+			f.Value = valFloat
+			f.HasBeenSet = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
+		if f.Destination != nil {
+			set.Float64Var(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
+			continue
+		}
+		set.Float64(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Float64 looks up the value of a local Float64Flag, returns
 // 0 if not found
 func (c *Context) Float64(name string) float64 {
-	return lookupFloat64(name, c.flagSet)
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-}
-
-// GlobalFloat64 looks up the value of a global Float64Flag, returns
-// 0 if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalFloat64(name string) float64 {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupFloat64(name, fs)
 	}
 	return 0
 }
 
-// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
-func (f Float64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-func (f Float64Flag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
-		envValFloat, err := strconv.ParseFloat(envVal, 10)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as float64 value for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
-		}
-
-		f.Value = envValFloat
-	}
-
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
-		if f.Destination != nil {
-			set.Float64Var(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-			return
-		}
-		set.Float64(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-	})
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func lookupFloat64(name string, set *flag.FlagSet) float64 {
 	f := set.Lookup(name)
 	if f != nil {

flag_float64_slice.go

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Float64Slice wraps []float64 to satisfy flag.Value
+type Float64Slice struct {
+	slice      []float64
+	hasBeenSet bool
+}
+
+// NewFloat64Slice makes a *Float64Slice with default values
+func NewFloat64Slice(defaults ...float64) *Float64Slice {
+	return &Float64Slice{slice: append([]float64{}, defaults...)}
+}
+
+// Set parses the value into a float64 and appends it to the list of values
+func (f *Float64Slice) Set(value string) error {
+	if !f.hasBeenSet {
+		f.slice = []float64{}
+		f.hasBeenSet = true
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(value, slPfx) {
+		// Deserializing assumes overwrite
+		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.Replace(value, slPfx, "", 1)), &f.slice)
+		f.hasBeenSet = true
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	tmp, err := strconv.ParseFloat(value, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	f.slice = append(f.slice, tmp)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// String returns a readable representation of this value (for usage defaults)
+func (f *Float64Slice) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%#v", f.slice)
+}
+
+// Serialize allows Float64Slice to fulfill Serializer
+func (f *Float64Slice) Serialize() string {
+	jsonBytes, _ := json.Marshal(f.slice)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", slPfx, string(jsonBytes))
+}
+
+// Value returns the slice of float64s set by this flag
+func (f *Float64Slice) Value() []float64 {
+	return f.slice
+}
+
+// Get returns the slice of float64s set by this flag
+func (f *Float64Slice) Get() interface{} {
+	return *f
+}
+
+// Float64SliceFlag is a flag with type *Float64Slice
+type Float64SliceFlag struct {
+	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
+	Usage       string
+	EnvVars     []string
+	FilePath    string
+	Required    bool
+	Hidden      bool
+	Value       *Float64Slice
+	DefaultText string
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *Float64SliceFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
+}
+
+// String returns a readable representation of this value
+// (for usage defaults)
+func (f *Float64SliceFlag) String() string {
+	return FlagStringer(f)
+}
+
+// Names returns the names of the flag
+func (f *Float64SliceFlag) Names() []string {
+	return flagNames(f)
+}
+
+// IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
+func (f *Float64SliceFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+	return f.Required
+}
+
+// TakesValue returns true if the flag takes a value, otherwise false
+func (f *Float64SliceFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
+func (f *Float64SliceFlag) GetUsage() string {
+	return f.Usage
+}
+
+// GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
+// string if the flag takes no value at all.
+func (f *Float64SliceFlag) GetValue() string {
+	if f.Value != nil {
+		return f.Value.String()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
+func (f *Float64SliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
+		if val != "" {
+			f.Value = &Float64Slice{}
+
+			for _, s := range strings.Split(val, ",") {
+				if err := f.Value.Set(strings.TrimSpace(s)); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as float64 slice value for flag %s: %s", f.Value, f.Name, err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			f.HasBeenSet = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
+		if f.Value == nil {
+			f.Value = &Float64Slice{}
+		}
+		set.Var(f.Value, name, f.Usage)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Float64Slice looks up the value of a local Float64SliceFlag, returns
+// nil if not found
+func (c *Context) Float64Slice(name string) []float64 {
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
+		return lookupFloat64Slice(name, fs)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func lookupFloat64Slice(name string, set *flag.FlagSet) []float64 {
+	f := set.Lookup(name)
+	if f != nil {
+		parsed, err := (f.Value.(*Float64Slice)).Value(), error(nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return parsed
+	}
+	return nil
+}

flag_generic.go

@@ -14,44 +14,52 @@ type Generic interface {
 // GenericFlag is a flag with type Generic
 type GenericFlag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar    string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	TakesFile   bool
 	Value       Generic
+	DefaultText string
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *GenericFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f GenericFlag) String() string {
+func (f *GenericFlag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f GenericFlag) GetName() string {
+func (f *GenericFlag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f GenericFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *GenericFlag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f GenericFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *GenericFlag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
 // GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f GenericFlag) GetUsage() string {
+func (f *GenericFlag) GetUsage() string {
 	return f.Usage
 }
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f GenericFlag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *GenericFlag) GetValue() string {
 	if f.Value != nil {
 		return f.Value.String()
 	}
@@ -60,24 +68,20 @@ func (f GenericFlag) GetValue() string {
 
 // Apply takes the flagset and calls Set on the generic flag with the value
 // provided by the user for parsing by the flag
-// Ignores parsing errors
+func (f GenericFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-func (f GenericFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
+		if val != "" {
-}
+			if err := f.Value.Set(val); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
+			}
 
-// ApplyWithError takes the flagset and calls Set on the generic flag with the value
+			f.HasBeenSet = true
-// provided by the user for parsing by the flag
-func (f GenericFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	val := f.Value
-	if fileEnvVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
-		if err := val.Set(fileEnvVal); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as value for flag %s: %s", fileEnvVal, f.Name, err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
 		set.Var(f.Value, name, f.Usage)
-	})
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -85,13 +89,7 @@ func (f GenericFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 // Generic looks up the value of a local GenericFlag, returns
 // nil if not found
 func (c *Context) Generic(name string) interface{} {
-	return lookupGeneric(name, c.flagSet)
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-}
-
-// GlobalGeneric looks up the value of a global GenericFlag, returns
-// nil if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalGeneric(name string) interface{} {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupGeneric(name, fs)
 	}
 	return nil

flag_int.go

@@ -9,70 +9,77 @@ import (
 // IntFlag is a flag with type int
 type IntFlag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar      string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	Value       int
+	DefaultText string
 	Destination *int
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *IntFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f IntFlag) String() string {
+func (f *IntFlag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f IntFlag) GetName() string {
+func (f *IntFlag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f IntFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *IntFlag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f IntFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *IntFlag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
 // GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f IntFlag) GetUsage() string {
+func (f *IntFlag) GetUsage() string {
 	return f.Usage
 }
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f IntFlag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *IntFlag) GetValue() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d", f.Value)
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
+func (f *IntFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-func (f IntFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
+		if val != "" {
-}
+			valInt, err := strconv.ParseInt(val, 0, 64)
 
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-func (f IntFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
-		envValInt, err := strconv.ParseInt(envVal, 0, 64)
 			if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as int value for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as int value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
-		}
-		f.Value = int(envValInt)
 			}
 
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+			f.Value = int(valInt)
+			f.HasBeenSet = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
 		if f.Destination != nil {
 			set.IntVar(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-			return
+			continue
 		}
 		set.Int(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-	})
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -80,13 +87,7 @@ func (f IntFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 // Int looks up the value of a local IntFlag, returns
 // 0 if not found
 func (c *Context) Int(name string) int {
-	return lookupInt(name, c.flagSet)
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-}
-
-// GlobalInt looks up the value of a global IntFlag, returns
-// 0 if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalInt(name string) int {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupInt(name, fs)
 	}
 	return 0

flag_int64.go

@@ -9,85 +9,84 @@ import (
 // Int64Flag is a flag with type int64
 type Int64Flag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar      string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	Value       int64
+	DefaultText string
 	Destination *int64
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *Int64Flag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f Int64Flag) String() string {
+func (f *Int64Flag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f Int64Flag) GetName() string {
+func (f *Int64Flag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f Int64Flag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *Int64Flag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f Int64Flag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *Int64Flag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
 // GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f Int64Flag) GetUsage() string {
+func (f *Int64Flag) GetUsage() string {
 	return f.Usage
 }
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f Int64Flag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *Int64Flag) GetValue() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d", f.Value)
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
+func (f *Int64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-func (f Int64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
+		if val != "" {
-}
+			valInt, err := strconv.ParseInt(val, 0, 64)
 
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-func (f Int64Flag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
-		envValInt, err := strconv.ParseInt(envVal, 0, 64)
 			if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as int value for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as int value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
 			}
 
-		f.Value = envValInt
+			f.Value = valInt
+			f.HasBeenSet = true
+		}
 	}
 
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
 		if f.Destination != nil {
 			set.Int64Var(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-			return
+			continue
 		}
 		set.Int64(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-	})
+	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
 // Int64 looks up the value of a local Int64Flag, returns
 // 0 if not found
 func (c *Context) Int64(name string) int64 {
-	return lookupInt64(name, c.flagSet)
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-}
-
-// GlobalInt64 looks up the value of a global Int64Flag, returns
-// 0 if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalInt64(name string) int64 {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupInt64(name, fs)
 	}
 	return 0

flag_int64_slice.go

@@ -1,69 +1,106 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )
 
-// Int64Slice is an opaque type for []int to satisfy flag.Value and flag.Getter
+// Int64Slice wraps []int64 to satisfy flag.Value
-type Int64Slice []int64
+type Int64Slice struct {
+	slice      []int64
+	hasBeenSet bool
+}
+
+// NewInt64Slice makes an *Int64Slice with default values
+func NewInt64Slice(defaults ...int64) *Int64Slice {
+	return &Int64Slice{slice: append([]int64{}, defaults...)}
+}
 
 // Set parses the value into an integer and appends it to the list of values
-func (f *Int64Slice) Set(value string) error {
+func (i *Int64Slice) Set(value string) error {
-	tmp, err := strconv.ParseInt(value, 10, 64)
+	if !i.hasBeenSet {
+		i.slice = []int64{}
+		i.hasBeenSet = true
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(value, slPfx) {
+		// Deserializing assumes overwrite
+		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.Replace(value, slPfx, "", 1)), &i.slice)
+		i.hasBeenSet = true
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	tmp, err := strconv.ParseInt(value, 0, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	*f = append(*f, tmp)
+
+	i.slice = append(i.slice, tmp)
+
 	return nil
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value (for usage defaults)
-func (f *Int64Slice) String() string {
+func (i *Int64Slice) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%#v", *f)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%#v", i.slice)
+}
+
+// Serialize allows Int64Slice to fulfill Serializer
+func (i *Int64Slice) Serialize() string {
+	jsonBytes, _ := json.Marshal(i.slice)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", slPfx, string(jsonBytes))
 }
 
 // Value returns the slice of ints set by this flag
-func (f *Int64Slice) Value() []int64 {
+func (i *Int64Slice) Value() []int64 {
-	return *f
+	return i.slice
 }
 
 // Get returns the slice of ints set by this flag
-func (f *Int64Slice) Get() interface{} {
+func (i *Int64Slice) Get() interface{} {
-	return *f
+	return *i
 }
 
 // Int64SliceFlag is a flag with type *Int64Slice
 type Int64SliceFlag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar   string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	Value       *Int64Slice
+	DefaultText string
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *Int64SliceFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f Int64SliceFlag) String() string {
+func (f *Int64SliceFlag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f Int64SliceFlag) GetName() string {
+func (f *Int64SliceFlag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f Int64SliceFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *Int64SliceFlag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f Int64SliceFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *Int64SliceFlag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
@@ -74,7 +111,7 @@ func (f Int64SliceFlag) GetUsage() string {
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f Int64SliceFlag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *Int64SliceFlag) GetValue() string {
 	if f.Value != nil {
 		return f.Value.String()
 	}
@@ -82,34 +119,26 @@ func (f Int64SliceFlag) GetValue() string {
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
+func (f *Int64SliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-func (f Int64SliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
+		f.Value = &Int64Slice{}
-}
 
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
+		for _, s := range strings.Split(val, ",") {
-func (f Int64SliceFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+			if err := f.Value.Set(strings.TrimSpace(s)); err != nil {
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as int64 slice value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
-		newVal := &Int64Slice{}
-		for _, s := range strings.Split(envVal, ",") {
-			s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
-			if err := newVal.Set(s); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as int64 slice value for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
-			}
-		}
-		if f.Value == nil {
-			f.Value = newVal
-		} else {
-			*f.Value = *newVal
 			}
 		}
 
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+		f.HasBeenSet = true
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
 		if f.Value == nil {
 			f.Value = &Int64Slice{}
 		}
 		set.Var(f.Value, name, f.Usage)
-	})
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -119,15 +148,6 @@ func (c *Context) Int64Slice(name string) []int64 {
 	return lookupInt64Slice(name, c.flagSet)
 }
 
-// GlobalInt64Slice looks up the value of a global Int64SliceFlag, returns
-// nil if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalInt64Slice(name string) []int64 {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-		return lookupInt64Slice(name, fs)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func lookupInt64Slice(name string, set *flag.FlagSet) []int64 {
 	f := set.Lookup(name)
 	if f != nil {

flag_int_slice.go

@@ -1,69 +1,117 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )
 
-// IntSlice is an opaque type for []int to satisfy flag.Value and flag.Getter
+// IntSlice wraps []int to satisfy flag.Value
-type IntSlice []int
+type IntSlice struct {
+	slice      []int
+	hasBeenSet bool
+}
+
+// NewIntSlice makes an *IntSlice with default values
+func NewIntSlice(defaults ...int) *IntSlice {
+	return &IntSlice{slice: append([]int{}, defaults...)}
+}
+
+// TODO: Consistently have specific Set function for Int64 and Float64 ?
+// SetInt directly adds an integer to the list of values
+func (i *IntSlice) SetInt(value int) {
+	if !i.hasBeenSet {
+		i.slice = []int{}
+		i.hasBeenSet = true
+	}
+
+	i.slice = append(i.slice, value)
+}
 
 // Set parses the value into an integer and appends it to the list of values
-func (f *IntSlice) Set(value string) error {
+func (i *IntSlice) Set(value string) error {
-	tmp, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
+	if !i.hasBeenSet {
+		i.slice = []int{}
+		i.hasBeenSet = true
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(value, slPfx) {
+		// Deserializing assumes overwrite
+		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.Replace(value, slPfx, "", 1)), &i.slice)
+		i.hasBeenSet = true
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	tmp, err := strconv.ParseInt(value, 0, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	*f = append(*f, tmp)
+
+	i.slice = append(i.slice, int(tmp))
+
 	return nil
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value (for usage defaults)
-func (f *IntSlice) String() string {
+func (i *IntSlice) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%#v", *f)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%#v", i.slice)
+}
+
+// Serialize allows IntSlice to fulfill Serializer
+func (i *IntSlice) Serialize() string {
+	jsonBytes, _ := json.Marshal(i.slice)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", slPfx, string(jsonBytes))
 }
 
 // Value returns the slice of ints set by this flag
-func (f *IntSlice) Value() []int {
+func (i *IntSlice) Value() []int {
-	return *f
+	return i.slice
 }
 
 // Get returns the slice of ints set by this flag
-func (f *IntSlice) Get() interface{} {
+func (i *IntSlice) Get() interface{} {
-	return *f
+	return *i
 }
 
 // IntSliceFlag is a flag with type *IntSlice
 type IntSliceFlag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar   string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	Value       *IntSlice
+	DefaultText string
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *IntSliceFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f IntSliceFlag) String() string {
+func (f *IntSliceFlag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f IntSliceFlag) GetName() string {
+func (f *IntSliceFlag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f IntSliceFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *IntSliceFlag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f IntSliceFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *IntSliceFlag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
@@ -74,7 +122,7 @@ func (f IntSliceFlag) GetUsage() string {
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f IntSliceFlag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *IntSliceFlag) GetValue() string {
 	if f.Value != nil {
 		return f.Value.String()
 	}
@@ -82,34 +130,25 @@ func (f IntSliceFlag) GetValue() string {
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
+func (f *IntSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-func (f IntSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
+		f.Value = &IntSlice{}
-}
 
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
+		for _, s := range strings.Split(val, ",") {
-func (f IntSliceFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+			if err := f.Value.Set(strings.TrimSpace(s)); err != nil {
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as int slice value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
-		newVal := &IntSlice{}
-		for _, s := range strings.Split(envVal, ",") {
-			s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
-			if err := newVal.Set(s); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as int slice value for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
-			}
-		}
-		if f.Value == nil {
-			f.Value = newVal
-		} else {
-			*f.Value = *newVal
 			}
 		}
 
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+		f.HasBeenSet = true
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
 		if f.Value == nil {
 			f.Value = &IntSlice{}
 		}
 		set.Var(f.Value, name, f.Usage)
-	})
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -117,14 +156,8 @@ func (f IntSliceFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 // IntSlice looks up the value of a local IntSliceFlag, returns
 // nil if not found
 func (c *Context) IntSlice(name string) []int {
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupIntSlice(name, c.flagSet)
-}
-
-// GlobalIntSlice looks up the value of a global IntSliceFlag, returns
-// nil if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalIntSlice(name string) []int {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-		return lookupIntSlice(name, fs)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

flag_path.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package cli
+
+import "flag"
+
+type PathFlag struct {
+	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
+	Usage       string
+	EnvVars     []string
+	FilePath    string
+	Required    bool
+	Hidden      bool
+	TakesFile   bool
+	Value       string
+	DefaultText string
+	Destination *string
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *PathFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
+}
+
+// String returns a readable representation of this value
+// (for usage defaults)
+func (f *PathFlag) String() string {
+	return FlagStringer(f)
+}
+
+// Names returns the names of the flag
+func (f *PathFlag) Names() []string {
+	return flagNames(f)
+}
+
+// IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
+func (f *PathFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+	return f.Required
+}
+
+// TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
+func (f *PathFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
+func (f *PathFlag) GetUsage() string {
+	return f.Usage
+}
+
+// GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
+// string if the flag takes no value at all.
+func (f *PathFlag) GetValue() string {
+	return f.Value
+}
+
+// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
+func (f *PathFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
+		f.Value = val
+		f.HasBeenSet = true
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
+		if f.Destination != nil {
+			set.StringVar(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
+			continue
+		}
+		set.String(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// String looks up the value of a local PathFlag, returns
+// "" if not found
+func (c *Context) Path(name string) string {
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
+		return lookupPath(name, fs)
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+func lookupPath(name string, set *flag.FlagSet) string {
+	f := set.Lookup(name)
+	if f != nil {
+		parsed, err := f.Value.String(), error(nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return parsed
+	}
+	return ""
+}

flag_string.go

@@ -5,67 +5,70 @@ import "flag"
 // StringFlag is a flag with type string
 type StringFlag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar      string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	TakesFile   bool
 	Value       string
+	DefaultText string
 	Destination *string
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *StringFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f StringFlag) String() string {
+func (f *StringFlag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f StringFlag) GetName() string {
+func (f *StringFlag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f StringFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *StringFlag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f StringFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *StringFlag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
 // GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f StringFlag) GetUsage() string {
+func (f *StringFlag) GetUsage() string {
 	return f.Usage
 }
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f StringFlag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *StringFlag) GetValue() string {
 	return f.Value
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
+func (f *StringFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-func (f StringFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
+		f.Value = val
-}
+		f.HasBeenSet = true
-
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-func (f StringFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
-		f.Value = envVal
 	}
 
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
 		if f.Destination != nil {
 			set.StringVar(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-			return
+			continue
 		}
 		set.String(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-	})
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -73,13 +76,7 @@ func (f StringFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 // String looks up the value of a local StringFlag, returns
 // "" if not found
 func (c *Context) String(name string) string {
-	return lookupString(name, c.flagSet)
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-}
-
-// GlobalString looks up the value of a global StringFlag, returns
-// "" if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalString(name string) string {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupString(name, fs)
 	}
 	return ""

flag_string_slice.go

@@ -1,76 +1,112 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 )
 
-// StringSlice is an opaque type for []string to satisfy flag.Value and flag.Getter
+// StringSlice wraps a []string to satisfy flag.Value
-type StringSlice []string
+type StringSlice struct {
+	slice      []string
+	hasBeenSet bool
+}
+
+// NewStringSlice creates a *StringSlice with default values
+func NewStringSlice(defaults ...string) *StringSlice {
+	return &StringSlice{slice: append([]string{}, defaults...)}
+}
 
 // Set appends the string value to the list of values
-func (f *StringSlice) Set(value string) error {
+func (s *StringSlice) Set(value string) error {
-	*f = append(*f, value)
+	if !s.hasBeenSet {
+		s.slice = []string{}
+		s.hasBeenSet = true
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(value, slPfx) {
+		// Deserializing assumes overwrite
+		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.Replace(value, slPfx, "", 1)), &s.slice)
+		s.hasBeenSet = true
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	s.slice = append(s.slice, value)
+
 	return nil
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value (for usage defaults)
-func (f *StringSlice) String() string {
+func (s *StringSlice) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s", *f)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s", s.slice)
+}
+
+// Serialize allows StringSlice to fulfill Serializer
+func (s *StringSlice) Serialize() string {
+	jsonBytes, _ := json.Marshal(s.slice)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", slPfx, string(jsonBytes))
 }
 
 // Value returns the slice of strings set by this flag
-func (f *StringSlice) Value() []string {
+func (s *StringSlice) Value() []string {
-	return *f
+	return s.slice
 }
 
 // Get returns the slice of strings set by this flag
-func (f *StringSlice) Get() interface{} {
+func (s *StringSlice) Get() interface{} {
-	return *f
+	return *s
 }
 
 // StringSliceFlag is a flag with type *StringSlice
 type StringSliceFlag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar    string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	TakesFile   bool
 	Value       *StringSlice
+	DefaultText string
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *StringSliceFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f StringSliceFlag) String() string {
+func (f *StringSliceFlag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f StringSliceFlag) GetName() string {
+func (f *StringSliceFlag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f StringSliceFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *StringSliceFlag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f StringSliceFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *StringSliceFlag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
 // GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f StringSliceFlag) GetUsage() string {
+func (f *StringSliceFlag) GetUsage() string {
 	return f.Usage
 }
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f StringSliceFlag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *StringSliceFlag) GetValue() string {
 	if f.Value != nil {
 		return f.Value.String()
 	}
@@ -78,34 +114,25 @@ func (f StringSliceFlag) GetValue() string {
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
+func (f *StringSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-func (f StringSliceFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
+		f.Value = &StringSlice{}
-}
 
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
+		for _, s := range strings.Split(val, ",") {
-func (f StringSliceFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+			if err := f.Value.Set(strings.TrimSpace(s)); err != nil {
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as string value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
-		newVal := &StringSlice{}
-		for _, s := range strings.Split(envVal, ",") {
-			s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
-			if err := newVal.Set(s); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as string value for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
-			}
-		}
-		if f.Value == nil {
-			f.Value = newVal
-		} else {
-			*f.Value = *newVal
 			}
 		}
 
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+		f.HasBeenSet = true
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
 		if f.Value == nil {
 			f.Value = &StringSlice{}
 		}
 		set.Var(f.Value, name, f.Usage)
-	})
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -113,13 +140,7 @@ func (f StringSliceFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 // StringSlice looks up the value of a local StringSliceFlag, returns
 // nil if not found
 func (c *Context) StringSlice(name string) []string {
-	return lookupStringSlice(name, c.flagSet)
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-}
-
-// GlobalStringSlice looks up the value of a global StringSliceFlag, returns
-// nil if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalStringSlice(name string) []string {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupStringSlice(name, fs)
 	}
 	return nil

flag_uint.go

@@ -9,85 +9,84 @@ import (
 // UintFlag is a flag with type uint
 type UintFlag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar      string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	Value       uint
+	DefaultText string
 	Destination *uint
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *UintFlag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f UintFlag) String() string {
+func (f *UintFlag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f UintFlag) GetName() string {
+func (f *UintFlag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f UintFlag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *UintFlag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f UintFlag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *UintFlag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
 // GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f UintFlag) GetUsage() string {
+func (f *UintFlag) GetUsage() string {
 	return f.Usage
 }
 
 // Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
+func (f *UintFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-func (f UintFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
+		if val != "" {
-}
+			valInt, err := strconv.ParseUint(val, 0, 64)
-
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-func (f UintFlag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
-		envValInt, err := strconv.ParseUint(envVal, 0, 64)
 			if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as uint value for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as uint value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
 			}
 
-		f.Value = uint(envValInt)
+			f.Value = uint(valInt)
+			f.HasBeenSet = true
+		}
 	}
 
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
 		if f.Destination != nil {
 			set.UintVar(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-			return
+			continue
 		}
 		set.Uint(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-	})
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f UintFlag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *UintFlag) GetValue() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d", f.Value)
 }
 
 // Uint looks up the value of a local UintFlag, returns
 // 0 if not found
 func (c *Context) Uint(name string) uint {
-	return lookupUint(name, c.flagSet)
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-}
-
-// GlobalUint looks up the value of a global UintFlag, returns
-// 0 if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalUint(name string) uint {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupUint(name, fs)
 	}
 	return 0

flag_uint64.go

@@ -9,85 +9,84 @@ import (
 // Uint64Flag is a flag with type uint64
 type Uint64Flag struct {
 	Name        string
+	Aliases     []string
 	Usage       string
-	EnvVar      string
+	EnvVars     []string
 	FilePath    string
 	Required    bool
 	Hidden      bool
 	Value       uint64
+	DefaultText string
 	Destination *uint64
+	HasBeenSet  bool
+}
+
+// IsSet returns whether or not the flag has been set through env or file
+func (f *Uint64Flag) IsSet() bool {
+	return f.HasBeenSet
 }
 
 // String returns a readable representation of this value
 // (for usage defaults)
-func (f Uint64Flag) String() string {
+func (f *Uint64Flag) String() string {
 	return FlagStringer(f)
 }
 
-// GetName returns the name of the flag
+// Names returns the names of the flag
-func (f Uint64Flag) GetName() string {
+func (f *Uint64Flag) Names() []string {
-	return f.Name
+	return flagNames(f)
 }
 
 // IsRequired returns whether or not the flag is required
-func (f Uint64Flag) IsRequired() bool {
+func (f *Uint64Flag) IsRequired() bool {
 	return f.Required
 }
 
 // TakesValue returns true of the flag takes a value, otherwise false
-func (f Uint64Flag) TakesValue() bool {
+func (f *Uint64Flag) TakesValue() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
 // GetUsage returns the usage string for the flag
-func (f Uint64Flag) GetUsage() string {
+func (f *Uint64Flag) GetUsage() string {
 	return f.Usage
 }
 
+// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
+func (f *Uint64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+	if val, ok := flagFromEnvOrFile(f.EnvVars, f.FilePath); ok {
+		if val != "" {
+			valInt, err := strconv.ParseUint(val, 0, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %q as uint64 value for flag %s: %s", val, f.Name, err)
+			}
+
+			f.Value = valInt
+			f.HasBeenSet = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range f.Names() {
+		if f.Destination != nil {
+			set.Uint64Var(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
+			continue
+		}
+		set.Uint64(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // GetValue returns the flags value as string representation and an empty
 // string if the flag takes no value at all.
-func (f Uint64Flag) GetValue() string {
+func (f *Uint64Flag) GetValue() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%d", f.Value)
 }
 
-// Apply populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-// Ignores errors
-func (f Uint64Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {
-	_ = f.ApplyWithError(set)
-}
-
-// ApplyWithError populates the flag given the flag set and environment
-func (f Uint64Flag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
-	if envVal, ok := flagFromFileEnv(f.FilePath, f.EnvVar); ok {
-		envValInt, err := strconv.ParseUint(envVal, 0, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not parse %s as uint64 value for flag %s: %s", envVal, f.Name, err)
-		}
-
-		f.Value = envValInt
-	}
-
-	eachName(f.Name, func(name string) {
-		if f.Destination != nil {
-			set.Uint64Var(f.Destination, name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-			return
-		}
-		set.Uint64(name, f.Value, f.Usage)
-	})
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Uint64 looks up the value of a local Uint64Flag, returns
 // 0 if not found
 func (c *Context) Uint64(name string) uint64 {
-	return lookupUint64(name, c.flagSet)
+	if fs := lookupFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
-}
-
-// GlobalUint64 looks up the value of a global Uint64Flag, returns
-// 0 if not found
-func (c *Context) GlobalUint64(name string) uint64 {
-	if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {
 		return lookupUint64(name, fs)
 	}
 	return 0

funcs.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package cli
 
-// BashCompleteFunc is an action to execute when the bash-completion flag is set
+// BashCompleteFunc is an action to execute when the shell completion flag is set
 type BashCompleteFunc func(*Context)
 
 // BeforeFunc is an action to execute before any subcommands are run, but after
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ type CommandNotFoundFunc func(*Context, string)
 // is displayed and the execution is interrupted.
 type OnUsageErrorFunc func(context *Context, err error, isSubcommand bool) error
 
-// ExitErrHandlerFunc is executed if provided in order to handle ExitError values
+// ExitErrHandlerFunc is executed if provided in order to handle exitError values
 // returned by Actions and Before/After functions.
 type ExitErrHandlerFunc func(context *Context, err error)
 
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ type FlagStringFunc func(Flag) string
 
 // FlagNamePrefixFunc is used by the default FlagStringFunc to create prefix
 // text for a flag's full name.
-type FlagNamePrefixFunc func(fullName, placeholder string) string
+type FlagNamePrefixFunc func(fullName []string, placeholder string) string
 
 // FlagEnvHintFunc is used by the default FlagStringFunc to annotate flag help
 // with the environment variable details.
-type FlagEnvHintFunc func(envVar, str string) string
+type FlagEnvHintFunc func(envVars []string, str string) string
 
 // FlagFileHintFunc is used by the default FlagStringFunc to annotate flag help
 // with the file path details.

go.mod

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-module github.com/urfave/cli
+module github.com/urfave/cli/v2
 
 go 1.11
 

help.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"unicode/utf8"
 )
 
-var helpCommand = Command{
+var helpCommand = &Command{
 	Name:      "help",
 	Aliases:   []string{"h"},
 	Usage:     "Shows a list of commands or help for one command",
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ var helpCommand = Command{
 	},
 }
 
-var helpSubcommand = Command{
+var helpSubcommand = &Command{
 	Name:      "help",
 	Aliases:   []string{"h"},
 	Usage:     "Shows a list of commands or help for one command",
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func DefaultAppComplete(c *Context) {
 	DefaultCompleteWithFlags(nil)(c)
 }
 
-func printCommandSuggestions(commands []Command, writer io.Writer) {
+func printCommandSuggestions(commands []*Command, writer io.Writer) {
 	for _, command := range commands {
 		if command.Hidden {
 			continue
@@ -135,10 +135,10 @@ func printFlagSuggestions(lastArg string, flags []Flag, writer io.Writer) {
 	cur := strings.TrimPrefix(lastArg, "-")
 	cur = strings.TrimPrefix(cur, "-")
 	for _, flag := range flags {
-		if bflag, ok := flag.(BoolFlag); ok && bflag.Hidden {
+		if bflag, ok := flag.(*BoolFlag); ok && bflag.Hidden {
 			continue
 		}
-		for _, name := range strings.Split(flag.GetName(), ",") {
+		for _, name := range flag.Names(){
 			name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
 			// this will get total count utf8 letters in flag name
 			count := utf8.RuneCountInString(name)
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func printFlagSuggestions(lastArg string, flags []Flag, writer io.Writer) {
 				continue
 			}
 			// match if last argument matches this flag and it is not repeated
-			if strings.HasPrefix(name, cur) && cur != name && !cliArgContains(flag.GetName()) {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(name, cur) && cur != name && !cliArgContains(name) {
 				flagCompletion := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", strings.Repeat("-", count), name)
 				_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(writer, flagCompletion)
 			}
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func ShowCommandHelp(ctx *Context, command string) error {
 	}
 
 	if ctx.App.CommandNotFound == nil {
-		return NewExitError(fmt.Sprintf("No help topic for '%v'", command), 3)
+		return Exit(fmt.Sprintf("No help topic for '%v'", command), 3)
 	}
 
 	ctx.App.CommandNotFound(ctx, command)
@@ -216,7 +216,15 @@ func ShowCommandHelp(ctx *Context, command string) error {
 
 // ShowSubcommandHelp prints help for the given subcommand
 func ShowSubcommandHelp(c *Context) error {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if c.Command != nil {
 		return ShowCommandHelp(c, c.Command.Name)
+	}
+
+	return ShowCommandHelp(c, "")
 }
 
 // ShowVersion prints the version number of the App
@@ -263,6 +271,7 @@ func printHelpCustom(out io.Writer, templ string, data interface{}, customFuncs
 
 	w := tabwriter.NewWriter(out, 1, 8, 2, ' ', 0)
 	t := template.Must(template.New("help").Funcs(funcMap).Parse(templ))
+
 	err := t.Execute(w, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		// If the writer is closed, t.Execute will fail, and there's nothing
@@ -281,24 +290,20 @@ func printHelp(out io.Writer, templ string, data interface{}) {
 
 func checkVersion(c *Context) bool {
 	found := false
-	if VersionFlag.GetName() != "" {
+	for _, name := range VersionFlag.Names() {
-		eachName(VersionFlag.GetName(), func(name string) {
+		if c.Bool(name) {
-			if c.GlobalBool(name) || c.Bool(name) {
 			found = true
 		}
-		})
 	}
 	return found
 }
 
 func checkHelp(c *Context) bool {
 	found := false
-	if HelpFlag.GetName() != "" {
+	for _, name := range HelpFlag.Names() {
-		eachName(HelpFlag.GetName(), func(name string) {
+		if c.Bool(name) {
-			if c.GlobalBool(name) || c.Bool(name) {
 			found = true
 		}
-		})
 	}
 	return found
 }
@@ -329,7 +334,7 @@ func checkShellCompleteFlag(a *App, arguments []string) (bool, []string) {
 	pos := len(arguments) - 1
 	lastArg := arguments[pos]
 
-	if lastArg != "--"+BashCompletionFlag.GetName() {
+	if lastArg != "--generate-bash-completion" {
 		return false, arguments
 	}
 

help_test.go

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 func Test_ShowAppHelp_NoAuthor(t *testing.T) {
 	output := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{Writer: output}
-	app.Writer = output
 
 	c := NewContext(app, nil, nil)
 
@@ -26,8 +25,7 @@ func Test_ShowAppHelp_NoAuthor(t *testing.T) {
 
 func Test_ShowAppHelp_NoVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	output := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{Writer: output}
-	app.Writer = output
 
 	app.Version = ""
 
@@ -42,8 +40,7 @@ func Test_ShowAppHelp_NoVersion(t *testing.T) {
 
 func Test_ShowAppHelp_HideVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	output := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{Writer: output}
-	app.Writer = output
 
 	app.HideVersion = true
 
@@ -62,14 +59,15 @@ func Test_Help_Custom_Flags(t *testing.T) {
 		HelpFlag = oldFlag
 	}()
 
-	HelpFlag = BoolFlag{
+	HelpFlag = &BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "help, x",
+		Name:    "help",
+		Aliases: []string{"x"},
 		Usage:   "show help",
 	}
 
 	app := App{
 		Flags: []Flag{
-			BoolFlag{Name: "foo, h"},
+			&BoolFlag{Name: "foo", Aliases: []string{"h"}},
 		},
 		Action: func(ctx *Context) error {
 			if ctx.Bool("h") != true {
@@ -92,14 +90,15 @@ func Test_Version_Custom_Flags(t *testing.T) {
 		VersionFlag = oldFlag
 	}()
 
-	VersionFlag = BoolFlag{
+	VersionFlag = &BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "version, V",
+		Name:    "version",
+		Aliases: []string{"V"},
 		Usage:   "show version",
 	}
 
 	app := App{
 		Flags: []Flag{
-			BoolFlag{Name: "foo, v"},
+			&BoolFlag{Name: "foo", Aliases: []string{"v"}},
 		},
 		Action: func(ctx *Context) error {
 			if ctx.Bool("v") != true {
@@ -117,22 +116,22 @@ func Test_Version_Custom_Flags(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func Test_helpCommand_Action_ErrorIfNoTopic(t *testing.T) {
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{}
 
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	_ = set.Parse([]string{"foo"})
 
 	c := NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
-	err := helpCommand.Action.(func(*Context) error)(c)
+	err := helpCommand.Action(c)
 
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected error from helpCommand.Action(), but got nil")
 	}
 
-	exitErr, ok := err.(*ExitError)
+	exitErr, ok := err.(*exitError)
 	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError from helpCommand.Action(), but instead got: %v", err.Error())
+		t.Fatalf("expected *exitError from helpCommand.Action(), but instead got: %v", err.Error())
 	}
 
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(exitErr.Error(), "No help topic for") {
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ func Test_helpCommand_Action_ErrorIfNoTopic(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func Test_helpCommand_InHelpOutput(t *testing.T) {
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{}
 	output := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	app.Writer = output
 	_ = app.Run([]string{"test", "--help"})
@@ -162,22 +161,22 @@ func Test_helpCommand_InHelpOutput(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func Test_helpSubcommand_Action_ErrorIfNoTopic(t *testing.T) {
-	app := NewApp()
+	app := &App{}
 
 	set := flag.NewFlagSet("test", 0)
 	_ = set.Parse([]string{"foo"})
 
 	c := NewContext(app, set, nil)
 
-	err := helpSubcommand.Action.(func(*Context) error)(c)
+	err := helpSubcommand.Action(c)
 
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected error from helpCommand.Action(), but got nil")
 	}
 
-	exitErr, ok := err.(*ExitError)
+	exitErr, ok := err.(*exitError)
 	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("expected ExitError from helpCommand.Action(), but instead got: %v", err.Error())
+		t.Fatalf("expected *exitError from helpCommand.Action(), but instead got: %v", err.Error())
 	}
 
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(exitErr.Error(), "No help topic for") {
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ func Test_helpSubcommand_Action_ErrorIfNoTopic(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestShowAppHelp_CommandAliases(t *testing.T) {
 	app := &App{
-		Commands: []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name:    "frobbly",
 				Aliases: []string{"fr", "frob"},
@@ -275,7 +274,7 @@ func TestShowCommandHelp_HelpPrinter(t *testing.T) {
 			app := &App{
 				Name:   "my-app",
 				Writer: &buf,
-				Commands: []Command{
+				Commands: []*Command{
 					{
 						Name:               "my-command",
 						CustomHelpTemplate: tt.template,
@@ -364,7 +363,7 @@ func TestShowCommandHelp_HelpPrinterCustom(t *testing.T) {
 			app := &App{
 				Name:   "my-app",
 				Writer: &buf,
-				Commands: []Command{
+				Commands: []*Command{
 					{
 						Name:               "my-command",
 						CustomHelpTemplate: tt.template,
@@ -387,7 +386,7 @@ func TestShowCommandHelp_HelpPrinterCustom(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestShowCommandHelp_CommandAliases(t *testing.T) {
 	app := &App{
-		Commands: []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name:    "frobbly",
 				Aliases: []string{"fr", "frob", "bork"},
@@ -413,7 +412,7 @@ func TestShowCommandHelp_CommandAliases(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestShowSubcommandHelp_CommandAliases(t *testing.T) {
 	app := &App{
-		Commands: []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name:    "frobbly",
 				Aliases: []string{"fr", "frob", "bork"},
@@ -435,7 +434,7 @@ func TestShowSubcommandHelp_CommandAliases(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestShowCommandHelp_Customtemplate(t *testing.T) {
 	app := &App{
-		Commands: []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name: "frobbly",
 				Action: func(ctx *Context) error {
@@ -477,7 +476,7 @@ EXAMPLES:
 
 func TestShowSubcommandHelp_CommandUsageText(t *testing.T) {
 	app := &App{
-		Commands: []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name:      "frobbly",
 				UsageText: "this is usage text",
@@ -497,10 +496,10 @@ func TestShowSubcommandHelp_CommandUsageText(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestShowSubcommandHelp_SubcommandUsageText(t *testing.T) {
 	app := &App{
-		Commands: []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name: "frobbly",
-				Subcommands: []Command{
+				Subcommands: []*Command{
 					{
 						Name:      "bobbly",
 						UsageText: "this is usage text",
@@ -521,7 +520,7 @@ func TestShowSubcommandHelp_SubcommandUsageText(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestShowAppHelp_HiddenCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	app := &App{
-		Commands: []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name: "frobbly",
 				Action: func(ctx *Context) error {
@@ -691,7 +690,7 @@ func TestShowAppHelp_HelpPrinterCustom(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestShowAppHelp_CustomAppTemplate(t *testing.T) {
 	app := &App{
-		Commands: []Command{
+		Commands: []*Command{
 			{
 				Name: "frobbly",
 				Action: func(ctx *Context) error {

helpers_test.go

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ var (
 	wd, _ = os.Getwd()
 )
 
+func init() {
+	_ = os.Setenv("CLI_TEMPLATE_REPANIC", "1")
+}
+
 func expect(t *testing.T, a interface{}, b interface{}) {
 	_, fn, line, _ := runtime.Caller(1)
 	fn = strings.Replace(fn, wd+"/", "", -1)

helpers_unix_test.go

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-// +build darwin dragonfly freebsd linux netbsd openbsd solaris
-
-package cli
-
-import "os"
-
-func clearenv() {
-	os.Clearenv()
-}

helpers_windows_test.go

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"syscall"
-)
-
-// os.Clearenv() doesn't actually unset variables on Windows
-// See: https://github.com/golang/go/issues/17902
-func clearenv() {
-	for _, s := range os.Environ() {
-		for j := 1; j < len(s); j++ {
-			if s[j] == '=' {
-				keyp, _ := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(s[0:j])
-				syscall.SetEnvironmentVariable(keyp, nil)
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}

template.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ AUTHOR{{with $length := len .Authors}}{{if ne 1 $length}}S{{end}}{{end}}:
    {{end}}{{$author}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleCommands}}
 
 COMMANDS:{{range .VisibleCategories}}{{if .Name}}
-
    {{.Name}}:{{range .VisibleCommands}}
      {{join .Names ", "}}{{"\t"}}{{.Usage}}{{end}}{{else}}{{range .VisibleCommands}}
    {{join .Names ", "}}{{"\t"}}{{.Usage}}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleFlags}}
@@ -63,7 +62,6 @@ USAGE:
    {{if .UsageText}}{{.UsageText}}{{else}}{{.HelpName}} command{{if .VisibleFlags}} [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}{{end}}
 
 COMMANDS:{{range .VisibleCategories}}{{if .Name}}
-
    {{.Name}}:{{range .VisibleCommands}}
      {{join .Names ", "}}{{"\t"}}{{.Usage}}{{end}}{{else}}{{range .VisibleCommands}}
    {{join .Names ", "}}{{"\t"}}{{.Usage}}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleFlags}}
@@ -74,8 +72,9 @@ OPTIONS:
 `
 
 var MarkdownDocTemplate = `% {{ .App.Name }}(8) {{ .App.Description }}
-
+{{ range $Author := .App.Authors}}
-% {{ .App.Author }}
+% {{ $Author.Name }}
+{{- end}}
 
 # NAME