Merge remote-tracking (subtree) branch 'PracticingPerl/master'

PracticingPerl/cli/argv.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+foreach my $a (@ARGV) {
+    printf("$a\n");
+}
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/array_variables.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+my ($length, $width, $depth) = (10, 20, 15);
+
+print "The values are: ", $length, $width, $depth, "\n";
+
+my ($name1, $name2, $name3, $name4) = ('Paul', 'Michael', 'Jessica', 'Megan');
+
+print "Names are: $name1, $name2, $name3, $name4\n";
+
+($name1, $name2, $name3, $name4) = qw/Paul Michael Jessica Megan/;
+
+print "Names are: $name1, $name2, $name3, $name4\n";
+
+($name1, $name2, $name3, $name4) = qw(Paul Michael Jessica Megan);
+
+print "Names are: $name1, $name2, $name3, $name4\n";
+
+
+my @nums = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+print "\@nums=@nums\n";
+my @more = 6 .. 1000;
+print "\@more=@more\n";
+my @none = ();
+print "\@none=@none\n";
+my @names = qw/Paul Michael Jessica Megan/;
+print "\@names=@names\n";
+my @all = (@nums, @more);
+print "\@all=@all\n";
+my @nested = (@nums, \@more);
+print "\@nested=@nested\n";
+
+my $all_len = @all;
+my $nested_len = @nested;
+
+print "\@all has length $all_len\n";
+print "\@nested has length $nested_len\n";
+
+
+my @array = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
+print $array[0] . "\n";
+print $array[3] . "\n";
+print $array[-1] . "\n";
+print $array[4] . "\n";
+print $array[-1] . "\n";
+print $array[$#array] . "\n";

PracticingPerl/cli/datatypes.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+my $foo = 'foo';
+print "\$foo=$foo\n";
+
+my @foo = (1, 2, 3);
+print "\@foo=@foo\n";
+
+my %foo = (
+    1 => 'one',
+    2 => 'two',
+    3 => 'three',
+);
+print "\%foo=" . %foo . "\n";
+
+my $log = *STDIN;
+print $log . "\n";

PracticingPerl/cli/ex01/a.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+
+print "Hello world\n";
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/ex01/b.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+
+my $num = 4000 / 7;
+print "$num\n";
+
+print int($num + 0.005) . "\n";
+
+printf("%.3f\n", $num);
+
+printf("00%.3f\n", $num);
+
+
+sub show_signed {
+    my ($num) = @_;
+    if ($num gt 0) {
+        printf("+%.3f\n", $num);
+    } else {
+        printf("%.3f\n", $num);
+    }
+}
+
+show_signed($num);
+show_signed($num - 1000);
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/ex01/c.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Math::Complex;
+
+
+sub quad {
+    my ($a, $b, $c) = @_;
+    my $positive = (
+        ($b * -1) - sqrt(($b ** 2) - (4 * ($a * $c))) / (2 * $a)
+    );
+    my $negative = (
+        ($b * -1) + sqrt(($b ** 2) - (4 * ($a * $c))) / (2 * $a)
+    );
+
+    return ($positive, $negative);
+}
+
+
+my @xx0 = quad(1, 2, 3);
+printf("%s, %s\n", $xx0[0], $xx0[1]);
+
+my @xx1 = quad(4, 5, 6);
+printf("%s, %s\n", $xx1[0], $xx1[1]);
+
+my @xx2 = quad(7, 8, 9);
+printf("%s, %s\n", $xx2[0], $xx2[1]);
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/ex01/d.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Math::Complex;
+
+
+print "Entrez-vous\n";
+
+my ($a, $b, $c) = (rand(100), rand(100), rand(100));
+
+print "\$a=$a\n";
+print "\$b=$b\n";
+print "\$c=$c\n";
+
+
+sub quad {
+    my ($a, $b, $c) = @_;
+    my $positive = (
+        ($b * -1) - sqrt(($b ** 2) - (4 * ($a * $c))) / (2 * $a)
+    );
+    my $negative = (
+        ($b * -1) + sqrt(($b ** 2) - (4 * ($a * $c))) / (2 * $a)
+    );
+
+    return ($positive, $negative);
+}
+
+
+my @result = quad($a, $b, $c);
+printf("%s, %s\n", $result[0], $result[1]);
+
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/ex02/input.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+
+my @inlines = ();
+my $i = 0;
+
+for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) {
+    print "input please: ";
+    my $inline = <STDIN>;
+    $inline =~ s/\s*$//;
+    $inlines[$i] = $inline;
+}
+
+
+print "You said:\n";
+print join("|", $inlines[0], $inlines[1], $inlines[2] . "\n");
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/ex02/input_argv.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+foreach my $inline (@ARGV) {
+    print $inline . "\n";
+}
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/ex02/input_fromfile.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use IO::File;
+use File::Basename;
+
+
+my $script = basename($0);
+my $USAGE = <<USAGE
+Usage: $script <infile>
+USAGE
+;
+
+if (!defined $ARGV[0]) {
+    die $USAGE;
+}
+
+my $infile = $ARGV[0];
+open(DAT, $infile) or die "$infile: $!";
+my @cleaned = ();
+foreach my $line (<DAT>) {
+    $line =~ s/\s*$//;
+    $cleaned[++$#cleaned] = $line;
+}
+
+print join("|", @cleaned) . "\n";
+
+close(DAT);
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/ex02/quadratic.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Math::Complex;
+use File::Basename;
+
+
+my $prog = basename($0);
+my $USAGE = <<USAGE
+Usage: $prog <a> <b> <c>
+USAGE
+;
+
+
+sub quad {
+    my ($a, $b, $c) = @_;
+    my $positive = (
+        ($b * -1) - sqrt(($b ** 2) - (4 * ($a * $c))) / (2 * $a)
+    );
+    my $negative = (
+        ($b * -1) + sqrt(($b ** 2) - (4 * ($a * $c))) / (2 * $a)
+    );
+
+    return ($positive, $negative);
+}
+
+foreach my $arg (@ARGV) {
+    if (($arg eq "-h") || ($arg eq "--help")) {
+        die $USAGE;
+    }
+}
+
+my ($a, $b, $c) = @ARGV;
+if (!defined $a) {
+    print '$a = ';
+    $a = <STDIN>;
+}
+if (!defined $b) {
+    print '$b = ';
+    $b = <STDIN>;
+}
+if (!defined $c) {
+    print '$c = ';
+    $c = <STDIN>;
+}
+
+my @result = quad($a, $b, $c);
+printf("%s, %s\n", $result[0], $result[1]);
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/ex03/rwfakegrep.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use File::Basename;
+use English qw/$PROGRAM_NAME/;
+
+my $basename = basename($0);
+my $USAGE = <<USAGE
+Usage: $basename <infile> <outfile>
+USAGE
+;
+
+
+sub show_last_chapter_with_nlines {
+    my ($ch, $nlines) = @_;
+    print "Chapter $ch has $nlines lines\n";
+}
+
+
+sub main {
+    open(INFILE, '<', $ARGV[0]) or die "$USAGE\n$!";
+    open(OUTFILE, '>', $ARGV[1]) or die "$USAGE\n$!";
+
+    my $have_seen_firstchapter = 'no';
+    my $nlines = 0;
+    my $chline = '';
+    my $ch = '';
+
+    foreach my $inline (<INFILE>) {
+        if ($inline =~ /^\s*CHAPTER.*$/) {
+
+            $chline = "$inline";
+            $ch = "$chline";
+            $ch =~ s/^\s*CHAPTER\s*([0-9]*).*/$1/;
+            $ch =~ s/[\r\n]//;
+
+            if ($have_seen_firstchapter eq 'yes') {
+                show_last_chapter_with_nlines($ch - 1, $nlines);
+                $nlines = 0;
+            } else {
+                $have_seen_firstchapter = 'yes';
+                $nlines = 0;
+            }
+            print OUTFILE $inline;
+        }
+        $nlines++;
+    }
+
+    show_last_chapter_with_nlines($ch, $nlines);
+
+}
+
+
+if ($PROGRAM_NAME eq __FILE__) {
+    main();
+}
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/ex03/rwfiles.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use File::Basename;
+
+my $basename = basename($0);
+my $USAGE = <<USAGE
+Usage: $basename <infile> <outfile>
+USAGE
+;
+
+open(INFILE, '<', $ARGV[0]) or die "$USAGE\n$!";
+open(OUTFILE, '>', $ARGV[1]) or die "$USAGE\n$!";
+
+foreach my $inline (<INFILE>) {
+    print OUTFILE $inline;
+}
+
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/filehandles.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use IO::File;
+use Data::Dumper;
+
+open(my $fh, '<', 'foo.txt');
+
+my @lines = <$fh>;
+
+print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@lines], [qw(lines)]);
+
+
+open(my $fh2, '<', 'foo.txt');
+
+while(my $line = <$fh2>) {
+    print $line;
+}
+
+
+my $fh3 = IO::File->new('foo.txt', 'r');
+
+while(my $line = $fh3->getline()) {
+    print $line;
+}
+
+
+my $fh4 = IO::File->new('foo.txt', 'r');
+my @lines4 = $fh4->getlines();
+
+print @lines4;
+print Data::Dumper->Dump([\@lines4], [qw(lines)]);
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/foo.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+these
+runes
+are
+dusty
+sir
+?

PracticingPerl/cli/functions.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+sub print_error_message {
+    my ($message) = @_;
+    print STDOUT "ERROR: " . $message . "!!!\n";
+}
+
+
+print_error_message("something bad happened");
+print_error_message("something really horrible happened");
+print_error_message("something sort of annoying happened");
+
+
+sub add_two_numbers {
+    my ($x, $y) = @_;
+    my $sum = $x + $y;
+    return $sum;
+}
+
+print add_two_numbers(3, 4) . "\n";
+print add_two_numbers(5, 6) . "\n";
+print add_two_numbers(7, 8) . "\n";
+
+
+sub add_two_numbers_and_mult_by_three {
+    my ($x, $y) = @_;
+    my $sum = add_two_numbers($x, $y);
+    my $sum_times_three = $sum * 3;
+    return $sum_times_three;
+}
+
+print add_two_numbers_and_mult_by_three(3, 4) . "\n";
+print add_two_numbers_and_mult_by_three(5, 6) . "\n";
+print add_two_numbers_and_mult_by_three(7, 8) . "\n";
+
+
+sub factorial {
+    my ($num) = @_;
+    if ($num == 1) {
+        return 1;
+    } else {
+        return $num * factorial($num - 1);
+    }
+}
+
+foreach my $n (1 .. 10) {
+    print factorial($n) . "\n";
+}
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/hash_variables.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Data::Dumper;
+
+
+my %petsounds = (
+    "cat" => "meow",
+    "dog" => "woof",
+    "snake" => "hiss"
+);
+
+
+print "The cat goes " . $petsounds{"cat"} . ".\n";
+
+
+$petsounds{"mouse"} = "squeak!";
+$petsounds{"dog"} = "arf!";
+
+
+delete($petsounds{"cat"});
+
+
+print "The mouse goes " . $petsounds{"mouse"} . ".\n";
+
+
+print Dumper(\%petsounds) . "\n";
+
+
+my %a = ();
+$a{1}{"a"}{"A"} = "FIRST";
+$a{1}{"c"}{"B"} = "THIRD";
+$a{1}{"b"}{"C"} = "SECOND";
+
+foreach my $k1 (sort keys %a) {
+    foreach my $k2 (sort keys %{$a{$k1}}) {
+        foreach my $k3 (sort keys %{$a{$k1}{$k2}}) {
+            print "$k1\t$k2\t$k3\t$a{$k1}{$k2}{$k3}\n";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+print Dumper(\%a);
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/heredoc.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+print <<EOF
+this
+is a
+multiline
+string
+yes?
+EOF
+;

PracticingPerl/cli/myprog.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+print "Hello World\n";

PracticingPerl/cli/numbers.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+my $a = 4;
+
+print "\$a = $a\n";
+print "\$a++ = " . $a++ . "\n";
+print "++\$a = " . ++$a . "\n";
+print "\$a-- = " . $a-- . "\n";
+print "--\$a = " . --$a . "\n";
+print "\$a += 5 = " . ($a += 5) . "\n";
+print "\$a -= 2 = " . ($a -= 2) . "\n";

PracticingPerl/cli/operators.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use 5.0100;
+
+
+sub println {
+    local $, = "";
+    print +(@_ ? @_ : $_), $/;
+}
+
+
+println(4 % 3);
+
+println(4 % 2);
+
+println(-4 % 3);
+
+println(4 ** 2);
+
+println(2 ** (1/2));
+
+my $foo = 1;
+
+println($foo--);
+
+println($foo);
+
+println("dog");
+
+$foo = 1;
+
+println(--$foo);
+
+println($foo);
+
+$foo = 'd';
+
+println(--$foo);
+
+println($foo);
+
+$foo = 'Z';
+
+println($foo++);
+
+println($foo);
+
+$foo = 'Hello';
+$foo .= ', world';
+println($foo);
+
+my $bar = '+';
+$bar x= 6;
+println($bar);
+
+print '$a = ';
+my $a = <STDIN>;
+print '$b = ';
+my $b = <STDIN>;
+print '$c = ';
+my $c = <STDIN>;
+
+
+my $ncookies = 0;
+
+sub printcookies {
+    println("I like cookies " . $ncookies++);
+}
+
+
+if ($a == 5 && $b == 2) {
+    printcookies();
+}
+
+
+if ($a == 5 && $b == 2 || $c == 2) {
+    printcookies();
+}
+
+
+if ($a == 5 and ($b == 2 || $c == 3)) {
+    printcookies();
+}
+
+
+if ($a == 5 && $b == 2 or $c == 3) {
+    printcookies();
+}
+
+
+if ($a == 5 && $b == 2 or $c == 3) {
+    printcookies();
+}
+
+
+if (($a == 5 && $b == 2) or $c == 3) {
+    printcookies();
+}
+
+
+($a, $b) = (5, 2);
+if ($a == 4 && $b < 3) {
+    printcookies();
+}
+
+sub foo {
+    return ($c eq 0);
+}
+
+foo() or print "foo() failed\n";
+
+
+print 'Hello' . ' world';
+print "\n";
+
+my $str = "hi";
+my $repeated_str = $str x 5;
+println("$repeated_str");
+
+println($repeated_str eq 'hihihihihi');
+
+println($str ne 'hi');
+
+$str =~ s/i/m/g;
+println($str);
+
+
+print 'A' .. 'Z', "\n";
+print 'a' .. 'z', "\n";
+print 'A' .. 'z', "\n";
+print 1 .. 20, "\n";
+print '&' .. '!', "\n";
+print 10 .. -10, "\n";
+print "$_\n" foreach 1 .. 10, "\n";
+
+
+my $scalar = 'hi';
+my @array = qw(one two three);
+my %hash = (
+    hi => 1,
+    ho => 2,
+    he => 3,
+);
+
+if ($scalar ~~ @array) {
+    print "scalar matches array\n";
+}
+if ($scalar ~~ %hash) {
+    print "scalar matches hash\n";
+}
+if (@array ~~ %hash) {
+    print "array matches hash\n";
+}

PracticingPerl/cli/quoting.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+
+print qq{I said "They're the most delicious fruits!".\n};
+print q/I said "They're the most delicious fruits!"./ . "\n";
+
+
+print <<OUTPUT
+I said "They're the most delicious fruits!".
+OUTPUT
+;
+
+my $one = 'mangoes';
+
+print "I like $one.\n";
+print 'I like $one.' . "\n";
+print qq/I love $one.\n/;
+print q#I love $one.# . "\n";
+
+print <<OUT
+I <3 $one
+OUT
+;
+
+print <<'OUT'
+I <3 $one
+OUT
+;
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/raw_printing.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+my $forename = "John";
+my $message = "Hello ";
+
+print $message;
+print $forename;
+print "\n";

PracticingPerl/cli/scalar_numbers.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+my $age = 30;
+
+print "Hello $age year old.\n";
+
+
+
+my $x = 10;
+my $y = $x + 1;
+
+print "Using a number $x + 1 = $y.\n";
+
+$x = "10";
+$y = $x + 1;
+
+print "Using a string $x + 1 = $y.\n";
+
+$x = "ten";
+$y = $x + 1;
+
+print "Using an English word, $x + 1 = $y.\n";
+
+$x = "2ten";
+$y = $x + 1;
+
+print "Using a funny string, $x + 1 = $y.\n";
+
+
+1;

PracticingPerl/cli/stdio.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+
+print "What is your name?: ";
+
+my $name = <STDIN>;
+$name =~ s/\n//;
+
+print "Your name is $name\n";
+
+
+1;
+__END__

PracticingPerl/cli/string_operators.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+print "Hello" . "World\n";
+print "Hello" . " " . "World\n";
+
+print "Hello" x 5, "\n";

PracticingPerl/cli/variables.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+my $firstname = "Jonathan";
+
+print "Hello, $firstname\n";
+
+$firstname = "John";
+
+print "Goodbye, $firstname\n";
+
+
+my $variable = "\0";
+my $another_variable = 2;
+my @array_variable = qw(one two three);
+
+$variable = 3;
+print "$variable\n";
+$variable = 3.1415926;
+print "$variable\n";
+$variable = 3.402823669209384634633e+38;
+print "$variable\n";
+$variable = $another_variable + 1;
+print "$variable\n";
+$variable = 'Can contain text';
+print "$variable\n";
+$variable = \$another_variable;
+print "$variable\n";
+$variable = \@array_variable;
+print "$variable\n";
+
+
+my @Array1 = (1, 2, 3);
+my @Array2 = (4, 5, 6);
+my @Array3 = (7, 8, 9);
+
+@array_variable = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
+print "@array_variable\n";
+@array_variable = (1 .. 10);
+print "@array_variable\n";
+@array_variable = ('John', 'Paul', 'George', 'Ringo');
+print "@array_variable\n";
+@array_variable = qw/John Paul George Ringo/;
+print "@array_variable\n";
+@array_variable = qw/red blue 1 green 5/;
+print "@array_variable\n";
+@array_variable = (\@Array1, \@Array2, \@Array3);
+print "@array_variable\n";
+
+my $idx = 2;
+
+$array_variable[0] = 1;
+print "@array_variable\n";
+$array_variable[$idx] = 1;
+print "@array_variable\n";
+
+my %hash = (
+    'key1' => 'value1',
+    'key2' => 'value2',
+    'key3' => 'value3',
+);
+print %hash, "\n";
+
+$hash{'key1'} = 'newval1';
+print %hash, "\n";
+
+
+sub fib {
+    my $n = shift();
+    return $n if $n < 2;
+    return fib($n - 1) + fib($n - 2);
+}
+
+print fib(14), "\n";